regulation of blood pressure

Question 1

4 rapidly responding systems that regulate arterial pressure.

Answer 1

BARORECEPTORS

CHEMORECEPTORS

REGULATION OF STROKE VOLUME BY ARTERIAL PRESSURE (AFTERLOAD)

CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA-INDUCED RESPONSE

Question 2

BARORECEPTORS PROVIDE INFORMATION TO THE CNS ABOUT

Answer 2

MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE

PULSE PRESSURE

HEART RATE

Question 3

what was the conclusion of the experiment in which two-hour records of arterial pressure in a normall dog and several weeks after the baroreceptors had been denervated?

Answer 3

CONCLUSION: BARORECEPTORS DO NOT SET PRESSURE BUT BUFFER PRESSURE FLUCTUATIONS

Question 4

resetting of baroreceptor prevents the reflex from functioning as a control system for changes in _______that last more than a _________

Answer 4

resetting of baroreceptor prevents the reflex from functioning as a control system for changes in pressure that last more than a day

Question 5

what are the baroreceptors involved in BP regulation?

Answer 5

carotid sinus and aortic baroreceptors

Question 6

REDUCTION OF MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE BELOW _______mm Hg ACTIVATES CHEMORECEPTORS.

Answer 6

REDUCTION OF MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE BELOW 80 mm Hg ACTIVATES CHEMORECEPTORS.

Question 7

CHEMORECEPTORS ONLY FUNCTION TO DEFEND AGAINST SEVERE HYPOTENSION. THEY ARE SENSITIVE TO LOW________AND HIGH__________.

Answer 7

CHEMORECEPTORS ONLY FUNCTION TO DEFEND AGAINST SEVERE HYPOTENSION. THEY ARE SENSITIVE TO LOW OXYGEN AND/OR HIGH CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS.

Question 8

UNLIKE BARORECEPTORS, ACTIVATION OF CHEMORECEPTORS STIMULATES _____________ AND ___________.

Answer 8

UNLIKE BARORECEPTORS, ACTIVATION OF CHEMORECEPTORS STIMULATES SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY.

Question 9

UNLIKE BARORECEPTORS, ACTIVATION OF CHEMORECEPTORS STIMULATES SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY. HOWEVER, THE EFFECT OF _____________ OVERRIDES THE EFFECT OF _____________ ACTIVATION, CAUSING AN OVERALL INCREASE OF ARTERIAL PRESSURE.

Answer 9

UNLIKE BARORECEPTORS, ACTIVATION OF CHEMORECEPTORS STIMULATES SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY. HOWEVER, THE EFFECT OF SYMPATHETIC ACTIVATION OVERRIDES THE EFFECT OF PARASYMPATHETIC ACTIVATION, CAUSING AN OVERALL INCREASE OF ARTERIAL PRESSURE.

Question 10

CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA-INDUCED RESPONSE: REDUCTION OF ARTERIAL PRESSURE BELOW _______ mm Hg ACTIVATES AN INTENSE SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC DISCHARGE

Answer 10

CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA-INDUCED RESPONSE: REDUCTION OF ARTERIAL PRESSURE BELOW 60 mm Hg ACTIVATES AN INTENSE SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC DISCHARGE

Question 11

CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA RESPONSE:
OVERALL, THE EFFECT OF SYMPATHETIC ACTIVATION PREVAILS. THIS IS A LAST-DITCH RESPONSE TO MAINTAIN BLOOD FLOW TO BRAIN AND IS ANOTHER SYSTEM THAT ONLY FUNCTIONS TO DEFEND AGAINST__________.

Answer 11

CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA RESPONSE:

OVERALL, THE EFFECT OF SYMPATHETIC ACTIVATION PREVAILS. THIS IS A LAST-DITCH RESPONSE TO MAINTAIN BLOOD FLOW TO BRAIN AND IS ANOTHER SYSTEM THAT ONLY FUNCTIONS TO DEFEND AGAINST HYPOTENSION.

Question 12

FYI: CUSHING RXN:

DECREASE IN BLOOD FLOW, DUE TO INCREASED COMPRESSION OF ARTERIES IN BRAIN VIA INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE

Answer 12

FYI: CUSHING RXN:

DECREASE IN BLOOD FLOW, DUE TO INCREASED COMPRESSION OF ARTERIES IN BRAIN VIA INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE

Question 13

WHAT ARE THE THREE MAIN PHYSIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THAT REGULATE ARTERIAL PRESSURE

Answer 13

THERE ARE 3 SYSTEMS :

RAPIDLY RESPONDING SYSTEMS (FULL RESPONSE TIME OF 5 SECONDS TO 1 MINUTE)-THESE MOSTLY BUFFER CHANGES.

LESS RAPIDLY RESPONDING SYSTEMS (FULL RESPONSE TIME OF 1 MINUTE TO 30 MINUTES)-THESE BUFFER CHANGES AND SET LEVELS.

SLOWLY RESPONDING SYSTEMS (FULL RESPONSE TIME OF DAYS TO MONTHS)-THESE MOSTLY SET LEVELS.

Question 14

WHAT ARE THE LESS RAPIDLY RESPONDING SYSTEMS (1 MIN TO 30 MIN RESPONSE TIME)(5) ?

Answer 14

LOW PRESSURE RECEPTOR-MEDIATED REFLEX MECHANISMS (VIA STRETCH RECEPTORS) (THEY INCREASE ANP, DECREASE ADH, INCREASE RENAL VASODILATION, AND INCREASE HR SO THAT YOU GET AN INCREASE IN CO IN ORDER TO INCREASE RENAL PERFUSION AND INCREASE NA+ AND H20 SECRETION)

ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR

CAPILLARY FLUID TRANSFER

VASCULAR STRESS RELAXATION

RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM

Question 15

what is stress relaxation?

Answer 15

when stretched, venous smooth muscle cells have the capacity to relax.

Question 16

physiological regualtion of blood volume:

rapid effects:

slow effects:

Answer 16

rapid effects: capillary-fluid transfer

slow effects: renal output, GI output

Question 17

define what the rena function curve does.

Answer 17

defines renal fluid output as a function of arterial pressure

Question 18

t/f. kidneys play a predominant role in regulating the set point of arterial pressure

Answer 18

true

Question 19

what are 6 factors that shift the renal function curve to the right?

Answer 19

angiotensin II
aldosterone
sympathetic activity
vasopressin
renal disease 
obestiy

Question 20

items that shift curve to the left (3)

Answer 20

ANF, nitric oxide, some prostaglandins

Question 21

sequence of events following a shift of the renal function curve to the right. what is the important conclusion?

Answer 21

increase of total peripheral resistance is secondary to increase of cardiac output

Question 22

t/f. changes in TPR cause equal and opposite changes in cardiac output but have no effect on arterial pressure.

Answer 22

true