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AP Language And Composition > Rehtorical Strategies & Stylistic Devices > Flashcards

Rehtorical Strategies & Stylistic Devices Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Alliteration

A

the occurrence of the same letter, word, or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words

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2
Q

Allusion

A

an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.

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3
Q

Analogy

A

A comparison between two things, usually for the purpose of explanation or clarification

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4
Q

Anadiplosis

A
  • “to reduplicate”
  • repetition of the last word of a preceding clause. The word is used at the end of a sentence and then used again at the beginning of the next sentence
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5
Q

Anaphora

A

The use of a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in a sentence, to avoid repetition

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6
Q

Anastrophe

A

the inversion of the usual order of words or clauses

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7
Q

Anecdote

A

a short and interesting story about a real incident or person

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8
Q

Antimetabole

A

a phrase or sentence is repeated, but in reverse order

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9
Q

Antithesis

A

a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else

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10
Q

Apostrophe

A

an exclamatory passage in a speech or poem addressed to a person (typically one who is dead or absent) or thing (typically one that is personified)

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11
Q

Aphorism

A

a pithy observation that contains a general truth, such as, “if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it”

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12
Q

Apposition

A

a relationship between two or more words or phrases in which the two units are grammatically parallel and have the same referent

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13
Q

Assonance

A

in poetry, the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in nonrhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible

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14
Q

Asyndeton

A

the omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence

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15
Q

Balanced sentence

A

balanced sentence is a sentence made up of two parts that are roughly equal in length, importance, and grammatical structure

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16
Q

Begging the question

A

The premises include the claim that the conclusion is true or assume that the conclusion is true.

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17
Q

Chaismus

A

Words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form

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18
Q

Claim

A

A statement essentially arguable but used as a primary point to support or prove an argument

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19
Q

Cliché

A

An expression that has been overused to the extent that it loses its original meaning or novelty

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20
Q

Colloquialism

A

Use of informal words, phrases or even slang in a piece of writing

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21
Q

Concession

A

Used in argumentative writing where one acknowledges a point made by one’s opponent

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22
Q

Connotation

A

Refers to a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly

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23
Q

Consonance

A

Refers to repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence or phrase

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24
Q

Cumulative sentence

A

A loose sentence that starts with an independent clause or main clause that is simple and straight

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25
Deductive reasoning
Involves generalization at the initial stage and then moves on towards the specific case
26
Denotation
Generally defined as literal or dictionary meanings of a word in contrast to its connotative or associated meanings
27
Dialect
The language used by the people of a specific area, class, district or any other group of people
28
Diction
As style of speaking or writing determined by the choice of words by a speaker or a writer.
29
Ellipsis
Used in narratives to omit some parts of a sentence or event, which gives the reader a chance to fill the gaps while acting or reading it out
30
Epanalepsis
Repetition of same words at the end and start of a sentence
31
Epiphoria
Repetition of the same word at the end of each clause
32
Ethos
Represents credibility or an ethical appeal which involves persuasion by the character involved.
33
Euphemism
Refers to polite, indirect expressions which replace words and phrases considered harsh and impolite or which suggest something unpleasant
34
Hyperbaton
Inversion in the arrangement of common words
35
Hyperbole
An exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis.
36
Idiom
Set expression or a phrase comprising two or more words
37
Imagery
use figurative language to represent objects, actions and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses.
38
Implication
A suggestion an author or speaker makes (implies) without stating it directly
39
Inductive reasoning
deriving general principles from particular facts or instances
40
Inference
Logical deductions are made based on premises assumed to be true
41
Inverted syntax
Lines do not follow traditional sentence patterns
42
Irony (dramatic, situational, verbal)
The full significance of a character's words or actions are clear to the audience or reader although unknown to the character
43
Isocolon
Involves a succession of sentences, phrases and clauses of grammatically equal length
44
Jargon
Use of specific phrases and words by writers in a particular situation, profession or trade
45
Juxtaposition
Two or more ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative or a poem for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts.
46
Litotes
A figure of speech which employs an understatement by using double negatives or, in other words, positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite expressions.
47
Logical fallacy
An error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid.
48
Logos
A statement, sentence or argument used to convince or persuade the targeted audience by employing reason or logic
49
Malapropism
use of an incorrect word in place of a similar sounding word that results in a nonsensical and humorous expression.
50
Maxim
A simple and memorable line, quote or rule for taking action and leading a good life
51
Metaphor
Figure of speech which makes an implicit, implied or hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated but share some common characteristics
52
Metonymy
Figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated
53
Mood
Evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions
54
Motif
An object or idea that repeats itself throughout a literary work
55
Paradox
Contrary to expectations, existing belief or perceived opinion
56
Parallelism
Components in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or similar in their construction, sound, meaning or meter
57
Parody
Imitation of a particular writer, artist or a genre, exaggerating it deliberately to produce a comic effect
58
Parenthesis
A qualifying or explanatory sentence, clause or word that writers insert into a paragraph or passage.
59
Pathos
A quality of an experience in life or a work of art that stirs up emotions of pity, sympathy and sorrow
60
Periodic sentence
Has a main clause or predicate at the end
61
Personification
A thing, an idea or an animal is given human attributes
62
Phonetic intensive
Words that start or end with the same letters that have a similar meaning
63
Point of view
The mode of narration that an author employs to let the readers “hear” and “see” what takes place in a story, poem, essay etc.
64
Polysyndeton
Several coordinating conjunctions are used in succession in order to achieve an artistic effect
65
Purple patch
Signifies a sudden heightening of rhythm, diction, and figurative language that makes a section of verse or prose stand out from its context.
66
Red herring
An irrelevant topic introduced in an argument to divert the attention of listeners or readers from the original issue
67
Refutation
Denotes that part of an argument where a speaker or a writer encounters contradicting points of view
68
Rhetoric
Technique of using language effectively and persuasively in spoken or written form
69
Rhetorical question
Asked just for effect or to lay emphasis on some point discussed when no real answer is expected
70
Rhetorical devices
Uses words in a certain way to convey meaning or to persuade
71
Sarcasm
To mock with often satirical or ironic remarks with a purpose to amuse and hurt someone or some section of society simultaneously
72
Satire
Technique employed by writers to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society by using humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule
73
Simile
Similes figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things
74
Syllogism
starts an argument with a reference to something general and from this it draws conclusion about something more specific
75
Symbol
Object that signifies an idea or quality
76
Synecdoche
A part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part
77
Synesthesia
Technique adopted by writers to present ideas, characters or places in such a manner that they appeal to more than one senses like hearing, seeing, smell etc. at a given time
78
Syntax
Set of rules in a language
79
Text structure
How the information within a written text is organized
80
Tone
An attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience

AP Language And Composition (1 decks)

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