Relationship between attitudes and behaviour

Question 1

How did LaPiere’s study suggest a discrepency in people’s attitudes and their behaviour?

Answer 1

Took a chinese couple to several restaurants and were only refused once. Later wrote letters to the restaurants asking if they would serve Chinese visitors and all but one said they wouldn’t

Question 2

What are the limitations of LaPiere’s study?

Answer 2

Person at the restaurant on that day may not be the same as person filling out survey
An American professor was with them so different circumstances than stated in the letter

Question 3

What did Wicker find about attitude-behaviour relations?

Answer 3

Across 42 study found little evidence of attitude/behaviour relations

Question 4

How did Kraus counter Wicker’s study? How can the difference be explained?

Answer 4

Found there was a relationship
- Newer/better measures
- Better paradigms
- Moderating factors considered later on

Question 5

When IS there a relation between attitude and behaviour ( 4 reasons)

Answer 5

Multiple-Act Criterion
Principle of Compatability
Attitude Strength
Individual Differences

Question 6

What is the Multiple-Act Criterion?

Answer 6

Correlations are stronger when an aggregate of behaviours is used (multiple rather than one behaviour)

Question 7

What is the Principle of Compatability?

Answer 7

The measure of the attitude and behaviour should correspond in the following way:
Action, Target, Context (environment) and Time [Frame]

Question 8

How did Davidson and Jaccard demonstrate the principle of compatibility with women?

Answer 8

Measured ptps attitudes towards birth control. More specific Qs (Use of birth control in then next 2 years) corresponded w/ behaviour more than general (attitude of birth control)

Question 9

How do explicit and implicit measures relate to attitude-behaviour relations?

Answer 9

Explicit - predicts deliberative behaviour
Implicit - Predicts spontaneous behaviour

Question 10

What is the Reflective - Impulsive Model (RIM)

Answer 10

There are two interacting systems;
Reflective; Guides behaviour based on reasoned consideration of available info. Explicit and Deliberative
Impulsive; based on automatic associative links. Implicit and spontaneous. DISENGAGES WHEN REFLECTIVE SYSTEM KICKS IN

Question 11

How did Dovidio et al demonstrate the link between implicit/explicit measures and attitude/behaviour correspondence

Answer 11

Ptps asked directly or did a response latency task regarding racist attitudes and then interviewed by either black or white person
Deliberative = Response to interview
Spontaneous = Eye contact and blinking
Result: Implicit correlated with spon and explicit correlated with delib

Question 12

How did Neumann et al support Dovidio et al regarding implicit/explicit measures and A-B relations

Answer 12

Looked at attitudes towards AIDS
Completed both measures; Questionnaire and IAT
Deliberate/reflective = answered direct questions
Spon/Impulsive = Approach/avoidance of photos
Showed similar results as Dovidio

Question 13

What is the relationship between attitude strength and A-B relations

Answer 13

relations are greater with stronger rather than weaker attitudes

Question 14

How did Fazio and Williams demonstrate the relationship with attitude strength and A-B relation

Answer 14

Correlations between people attitudes towards political candidates and their voting behaviours were higher for highly accessible (strong) attitudes

Question 15

How did Kraus counter-argue A-B relations and attitude strength? Why could this be?

Answer 15

Low correlations of attitudes towards donating blood and actually donating
Harder to enact

Question 16

What did Holland et al suggest about the relationship with attitude strength and behaviour

Answer 16

Strong attitudes are more likely to PREDICT behaviour than weak
Weak attitudes are more likely to FOLLOW FROM behaviour
I.e when attitudes are weak, they are influenced by what we have done

Question 17

What is the reasoning for Holland et al’s theory?

Answer 17

We rely on salient information when deciding how to act

Strong = salient info is the attitude (because highly accessible)
Weak = salient information is previous behaviour

Question 18

How did Holland et al test their theory of attitude strength and behaviour?

Answer 18

Ptps measured favourability and strength of attitudes towards Greenpeace
A week later returned for seemingly unrelated study and paid €5. Told they could donate to Greenpeace. Then asked to do questionnaire after donating or not
A-B relation = initial questionnaire and how much they donated
B-A relation = money donated and att measured immediately after

Question 19

What was the result of Holland et al

Answer 19

Strong attitudes in inital questionnaire predicted how much money donated but not weak att
Weak att influenced after behaviour but not strong att

Question 20

What is the relation between Self-monitors and A-B relation? What is the limitation of this?

Answer 20

Low self-monitors show stronger A-B correlations than high self-monitors
Mostly done on uni students who are shown to have lower A-B relations