Relationship Between Photosynthesis, Respiration + Chloroplats & Photosynthetic Pigments

Question 1

What organisms use photosynthesis

Answer 1

-plants
-algae
-some types of bacteria

Question 2

What is photosynthesis

Answer 2

-the conversion of light energy from the sunlight into chemical energy

Question 3

What type of nutrition is photosynthesis an example of

Answer 3

-autotrophic nutrition

Question 4

What are organisms that photosynthesise called and why?

Answer 4

-photoautotrophs
-because they use light energy as a source for autotrophic nutrition

Question 5

Where in the food chain are photoautotrophs and what is their trophic level

Answer 5

-producers
-first trophic level

Question 6

What is the general equation for photosynthesis

Answer 6

-6CO2 + 6H2O + energy ———> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 7

What is the main product of photosynthesis

Answer 7

-monosaccharide sugars

Question 8

Why is photosynthesis an example of carbon fixation

Answer 8

-because it is a process where carbon dioxide is converted into sugars

Question 9

What are the 3 characteristics of carbon fixation

Answer 9

1) endothermic (needs energy)
2) needs electrons

Question 10

Is respiration endothermic or exothermic and why?

Answer 10

-exothermic as it releases chemical energy

Question 11

What is the equation for respiration

Answer 11

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——> 6H2O + 6CO2 +energy

Question 12

How do the processes of photosynthesis and respiration link together

Answer 12

-as they are both important in cycling CO2 and O2 in the atmosphere
-the products of one process are the raw material for the other process

Question 13

When do plants respire

Answer 13

-all the time

Question 14

When do plants photosynthesise

Answer 14

-only during daylight

Question 15

What does the term compensation point mean

Answer 15

-where photosynthesis and respiration proceed at the same rate so that there is no net gain or loss of carbohydrate

Question 16

What does the term compensation period mean

Answer 16

-the time a plant takes to reach its compensation point

Question 17

What is the role of the chloroplast

Answer 17

-the site of photosynthesis

Question 18

Describe the characteristics of chloroplast

Answer 18

-double membrane
-inter membrane space
-disc shaped

Question 19

Describe the permeability of the outer membrane

Answer 19

-highly permeable

Question 20

What are the 8 parts that make up the structure of a chloroplast

Answer 20

1) inner membrane
2) outer membrane
3) stroma
4) granum
5) thylakoids
6) lamellae
7) inter membrane compartment
8) chloroplast envelope

Question 21

What is the granum (grana)

Answer 21

-inner part of the chloroplast made of stacks of thylakoid membrane

Question 22

What stage of photosynthesis takes place at the granum

Answer 22

-the LIGHT-DEPENDENT stage

Question 23

What is the stroma

Answer 23

-a fluid-filled matrix

Question 24

What stage of photosynthesis takes place at the stroma

Answer 24

-LIGHT-INDEPENDENT stage

Question 25

What are thylakoid membrane

Answer 25

-flattened membrane-bound sac found inside chloroplasts containing photosynthetic pigments/photosystems

Question 26

What stage of photosynthesis takes place at the thylakoid membrane

Answer 26

-LIGHT-DEPENDENT stage

Question 27

Describe the permeability of the thylakoid membrane

Answer 27

-less permeable

Question 28

What are photosystems

Answer 28

-a system of photosynthetic pigments found in thylakoids

Question 29

What is the shape of photosystems

Answer 29

-funnel-shaped

Question 31

Where are photosystems found

Answer 31

-within the thylakoid membrane

Question 32

What do photosystems contain

Answer 32

-photosynthetic pigments

Question 33

What is the role of each photosynthetic pigment

Answer 33

-to absorb light of a particular wavelength and reflect other wavelengths of light

Question 34

What colour do we see the pigment

Answer 34

-the colour of the wavelength of light that is being reflected

Question 35

How does the photosystems work

Answer 35

-light is captures and is funnelled down to the primary pigment reaction centre at the base of the photosystem

Question 36

Which chlorophyll is the primary pigment reaction centre always made of

Answer 36

-chlorophyll a

Question 37

What are the two types of photosynthetic pigments

Answer 37

1) accessory pigments 2) primary pigment (reaction centre pigment)

Question 38

What is the molecular structure of chlorophylls

Answer 38

-porphyrin group which is a magnesium atom and a long hydrocarbon chain

Question 39

How many forms of chlorophyll a are there

Answer 39

2

Question 40

What colour do both forms of chlorophyll a appear as

Answer 40

-blue-green

Question 41

Where are both forms of chlorophyll a found

Answer 41

-at the centre of photosystems

Question 42

What colour light do both forms of chlorophyll a absorbs

Answer 42

-red light

Question 43

What are the names of the 2 forms of chlorophyll a

Answer 43

-P680 -P700

Question 44

What is the difference between the 2 forms of chlorophyll a

Answer 44

-they have different absorption peaks

Question 45

Describe the characteristics of P680

Answer 45

-found in photosystem II -its peak of absorption is light of wavelength 680nm

Question 46

Describe the characteristics of P700

Answer 46

-photosystem I -peak of absorption is light of wavelength 700nm

Question 47

Describe the characteristics of chlorophyll b

Answer 47

-absorbs light of wavelength 400-500nm and around 640nm

Question 48

What colour does chlorophyll b appear and what does this mean

Answer 48

-appears yellow-green -this means is reflects yellow-green light

Question 49

How many accessory pigments are there

Answer 49

-2

Question 50

What are the 2 types of accessory pigments called

Answer 50

1) carotenoids 2) xanthophylls

Question 51

What light and wavelength do carotenoids absorb

Answer 51

- blue light of wavelength 400-500nm

Question 52

What light do carotenoids reflect and what does this mean

Answer 52

-they reflect yellow and orange light so they appear to the eye as yellow-orange

Question 53

What light and wavelength doxanthophylls absorb

Answer 53

-blue and green light of wavelengths 375-550nm

Question 54

What light do xanthophylls reflect and what does this mean

Answer 54

-yellow light so they appear to the eyes as yellow

Question 55

Why do we have we have two forms of chlorophyll a

Answer 55

-to absorb different wavelengths of light so the maximum amount of light is absorbed

Question 56

What causes plants to become discoloured

Answer 56

-because chlorophyll a contains Mg the plant may become Mg deficient causing it to become discoloured