Relationships 👩❤️💋👨 Flashcards
A01 ‘self disclosure’
[Self disclosure]
when we reveal our thoughts and feelings
It allows you to build a closeness
[social penetration theory]
-Reciprocal process revealing your inner self to someone else
-builds a stronger relationship the more you share
Breadth- the range of topics discussed
Depth-how personal the information shared is
Give one strength into the research of ‘Self Disclosure’
-Helps couples improve communication
- researchers found 57% of couples said that open and honest self disclosure maintained and deepened their relationship
- therefore helps resolve problems
Give one Limitation of ‘Self Disclosure’
-Fails to consider Cultural differences
- Tang reviewed research into sexual self disclosure
- Men/women in USA disclose more than sexual thought than men/ women in china
-despite lower levels in 🇨🇳 same satisfaction rate
-therefore the prediction that increasing breadth and depth will lead to more satisfying and intimate rs is not true for all cultures
What is ‘Filter Theory’
States there are 3 factors to narrow down partners:
1) social demography
-the potential of partners meeting each other based on
-geographical location
-social class
-level of education
2) similarity in attitudes
-where you filter out beliefs and values
-leads to good communication promotes self disclosure
3) complementarity
-The ability to meet each others needs
-where one partner has a trait the other one lacks
Give one limitation of ‘Filter Theory’
-Cultural Bias
- most research uses ppts from individualist cultures who value free choice in relationships and preference of partners.
- In these cultures ppl may apply criteria described in filter theory freely
-However isn’t the same for collectivist cultures where it is common for arranged marriages so ppl not able to apply individual filters to select spouse
What is the ‘Matching Hypothesis’
- States how people will go for other people with similar attractiveness
- Don’t want to go for others deemed as more attractive in fear of rejection
What is the AO1 for ‘Social exchange theory?’
1} Economic theory considering how people exchange rewards and costs
2} suggest individuals attempt to maximise rewards and minimise cost
3} COMPARISON LEVELS - what we use to measure amount of rewards we believe we should receive.
- these expectations come from previous RS or social norms expectations
COMPARISON FOR ALTERNATIVES
SET suggests we stay in RS as long as we find it more rewarding than alternative RS
-if the cost of our current relationship outweighs the rewards then alternatives become more attractive
And Kelly proposed four stages in which relationships develop
What are the 4 stages of relationship development ?
1) SAMPLING- asses rewards and costs
2) BARGANING- exchange rewards & costs
3) COMMITMENT- RS becomes stable
4 INSTITUTIONALISATION- norms of RS established
One limitation of SET
hint ‘argyle’
- Argues dissatisfaction arises when RS stops being profitable
-However Argyle says we do not measure rewards or costs in RS nor attractiveness
-This only happens when we are dissatisfied with RS
-suggesting considering alternatives is because of dissatisfaction
One strength of SET (hint research support)
domestic violence
-RS support the idea of CL
-rusbult found that victims of domestic violence often return to partner because cannot find better alternatives & had investments 👦
-Shows cost of leaving is greater than reward of staying at home
another Limitation of SET
hint (culture bias)
women take care of
cultural and gender bias
E.g in some cultures women are expected to care for their partner such as by making them dinner
-However the SET may see them as unsatisfied as costs>rewards
-therefore SET cannot be applicable to collectivist cultures where the way women care for partner is different
AO1 for ‘Equity Theory’
-Economic theory
-Equity looks at the balance between rewards & Costs
-when there is lack of equity one partner over benefits and one partner under benefit leading to dissatisfaction
-problems in RS begin when one partner perceives inequity in RS
- to deal with inequity, one partner may work hard to make RS more equitable
One limitation of ‘Equity Theory’
universality 🇺🇸🇯🇲
-Suffers from lack of universality
-Ryan et al found couple in 🇺🇸 were most satisfied in RS when there was equity
-Whereas couple in 🇯🇲 were most satisfied when they were over benefitting rather than when RS was fair
-showing a cultural bias
Strength of Equity theory
research support
-Research support that equity leads to satisfaction
-researcher found that couple who considered RS equitable
- were more satisfied than those who saw themselves as over benefitting or under
-therefore equity in RS has high validity
Ao1 for Rusbults investment model
Rusbult developed an extended social exchange theory by proposing an investment model
Rusbult saw commitment is a key factor in sustaining a R/S
commitment depends on
1) satisfaction levels
-rewards>cost
2)Comparison with alternatives
-decide whether alternative are more rewarding and less costly
3)Investment size
-Rusbult found Cl and CLAT are not enough to explain commitment
if that was case rs would’ve ended as soon as costs>benefit
Intrinsic investment
- thing put directly in RS
-E.G effort money
Extrinsic investment
-Things brought in persons life through RS
-children, memories
