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psychology paper 3 > relationships > Flashcards

relationships Flashcards

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1
Q

sexual selection

A

survival of the sexiest. attributes or behaviours that increase reproductive success are passed on and may become exaggerated or more common over time

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2
Q

amisogamy

A

differences between make and female sex cells

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3
Q

characteristics of female gametes

A

large, limited years of fertility, static

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4
Q

male gametes

A

long supply, small, mobile

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5
Q

intersexual selection

A

what one sex looks for in the other

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6
Q

intrasexual selections

A

within each sex: how members of the same sex compete to mate with the opposite sex

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7
Q

trivers

A

females hold greater importance in time, commitment and resources than makes because making the wrong choice in partner is more serious due to their fertility window

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8
Q

fisher - sexy son hypothesis

A

women select men with traits they hope to pass to their children

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9
Q

dimorphism

A

women and men look different as they look for different things

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10
Q

clark & hatfield

A

women agreed to the date because they can get to know the men
men agreed because quantity > quality

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11
Q

self disclosure

A

revealing information about yourself to someone
when we learn more about someone, we become more attracted to them

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12
Q

altman & taylor - social penetration theory

A

the gradual process of revealing your inner self to someone, starting at a basic level and getting more intimate as time goes on

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13
Q

reis & shaver - reciprocity

A

for a relationships to develop, self disclosure needs to be reciprocated and partners should respond in a rewarding empathetic way

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14
Q

the halo effect

A

dion et al
attractive people are consistently rated as kind, strong, sociable, and successful compared to unattractive people

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15
Q

the matching hypothesis

A

walster and walster
people choose partners who are roughly of similar physical attractiveness to each other

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16
Q

3 Filters : Kerckhoff and Davis

A

social demography
similarity in attitudes
complimentary

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17
Q

social demography (filters)

A

factors that influence the chances of potential partners meeting each other in the first place

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18
Q

similarity in attitudes (filters)

A

partners agree over basic values

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19
Q

complimentary (filters)

A

partners have traits the other lacks i.e dominance/submissive

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20
Q

festinger et al (filters)

A

found people who lived near the stairways in a u shaped housing block had most passive contact with other residents, and had developed the greatest friendships with those nearby

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21
Q

clark (filters)

A

50% of people living in columbus ohio married someone within walking distance of

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22
Q

social exchange theory

A

thibailt and kelly
a satisfying relationship is maintained when rewards exceed costs for both parties

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23
Q

minimax principle (SET)

Study These Flashcards
A

we try to minimise costs and maximise rewards

24
Q

what are the two ways of measuring profit (SET)

Study These Flashcards
A

Comparison Level
Comparison Level for Alternatives

25
what is Comparison Level (SET)
the amount of reward you believe you deserve based on previous relationships + norms
26
Comparison Level for Alternative (SET)
comparing the rewards and costs to other possible relationships and being alone
27
stages of relationship development (SET)
sampling stage bargaining stage commitment stage institutionalisation stage
28
sampling stage (SET)
first stage we explore the rewards and costs of social exchange by experimenting with them in our own relationship, or by observing others doing so
29
bargaining stage (SET)
second stage beginning of the relationship partners start negotiating what is more profitable
30
commitment stage (SET)
third stage the sources of costs and rewards become more predictable and the relationship becomes more stable
31
institutionalisation stage (SET)
fourth stage partners are settled down rewards and costs are firmly established
32
walster et al (equity)
we strive to reach fairness in our relationships
33
what are the principles of equity
profit distribution dissatisfaction realignment
34
profit (principles of equity)
rewards are maximised and costs minimised
35
distribution (principles of equity)
trade offs and compensations are negotiated to achieve fairness in a relationship
36
dissatisfaction (principles of equity)
the greater the degree of perceived unfairness, the greater the sense of dissatisfaction
37
realignment (principles of equity)
if restoring equity is possible, maintenance will continue
38
rusbults investment model
satisfaction + comparison with alt + investments -> commitment level -> relationship mechanisms
39
rusbults investment model
satisfaction + comparison with alt + investments -> commitment level -> relationship mechanisms
40
intrinsic investments (RIM)
what we directly put into a relationship (effort time)
41
extrinsic investments (RIM)
did not feature in one’s life but are now strongly associated in it (house kids)
42
relationship mechanisms (RIM)
enduring partners : accomodation, willingness to sacrifice, forgiveness committed partners : positive illusions, ridiculing alternatives
43
4 stages of duck’s phase model
intra-psychic dyadic social grave dressing
44
intra-psychic (Duck)
personal brooding nothing is said to the partner but you may express dissatisfaction in other ways
45
dyadic phase (duck)
confront partner, discuss feelings and the future
46
social phase (duck)
issues made public to family and friends they may take sides, offer support or help mend any disputes
47
grave dressing phase (duck)
relationship is over. partner attempts to justify their actions may reinterpret their view of partners
48
reduced cues theory
sproull and kiesler cues such as physical appearance or emotional state are lacking in cmc -> this can lead to a person losing identity and acting in a way they wouldn’t normally
49
hyper personal model
walther cmc relationships are more personal and have greater self disclosure than FtF -> cmc relationships can develop very quickly as self disclosure happens earlier so they become more intense and intimate
50
2 key features of hyper personal model
1) the sender of a message has greater control over what to disclose and the cues they send. they manipulate their self image to present themselves in an idealised way 2) receiver gains a positive impression of the sender, they may give feedback that reinforces the senders selective self presentation
51
John Bargh et al (virtual relationship)
when you’re aware that others don’t know you, you feel less accountable for your behaviour
52
gating
refers to an obstacle to forming a relationship
53
levels of parasocial relationships
maltby et al entertainment-social intense-personal borderline-pathological
54
mccutcheon et al
celebrity attitude scale the absorption addiction model
55
absorption addiction model
absorption: they have deficits in their own sense of personal identity- an attempt to establish personal identity addiction: people need to increase their dose to be more satisfied which can lead to delusions/ extreme behaviours
56
attachment theory (parasocial relationships)
type a- most likely type c- less likely type b- unlikely

psychology paper 3 (2 decks)

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