Relationships - ppr3

Question 1

What is anisogamy in the context of partner preferences?

Answer 1

Anisogamy refers to the difference in size and number of male and female gametes.

Question 2

What is inter-sexual selection?

Answer 2

Inter-sexual selection involves one sex (usually females) choosing mates based on desirable traits.

Question 3

What is intra-sexual selection?

Answer 3

Intra-sexual selection involves competition within a sex (usually males) to access mates.

Question 4

Who proposed the Parental Investment Theory?

Answer 4

Trivers (1972)

Question 5

What are strengths of evolutionary explanations for partner preferences?

Answer 5

Cross-cultural support from Buss (1989); explains gender differences in mate choice.

Question 6

What are limitations of evolutionary explanations?

Answer 6

Ignores cultural influences; biologically reductionist.

Question 7

What is self-disclosure in romantic relationships?

Answer 7

Revealing personal information to build intimacy.

Question 8

What is Social Penetration Theory?

Answer 8

Theory by Altman & Taylor suggesting self-disclosure occurs in layers over time.

Question 9

What research supports self-disclosure’s role in attraction?

Answer 9

Sprecher & Hendrick (2004): strong correlation between self-disclosure and satisfaction.

Question 10

What is the halo effect in attraction?

Answer 10

Assuming physically attractive people have other positive traits.

Question 11

What is the matching hypothesis?

Answer 11

People seek partners with a similar level of attractiveness (Walster et al.).

Question 12

What are the three filters in Filter Theory?

Answer 12

1. Social Demography 2. Similarity in Attitudes 3. Complementarity of Needs

Question 13

Who proposed the Filter Theory?

Answer 13

Kerckhoff & Davis (1962)

Question 14

What is Social Exchange Theory?

Answer 14

Relationships depend on rewards outweighing costs (Thibault & Kelley).

Question 15

What is the Comparison Level (CL)?

Answer 15

A standard based on past experiences and expectations.

Question 16

What is Equity Theory?

Answer 16

Relationship satisfaction comes from fair distribution of rewards and costs.

Question 17

What is Rusbult’s Investment Model?

Answer 17

Commitment = Satisfaction - Alternatives + Investment.

Question 18

What are the three components of Rusbult’s model?

Answer 18

Satisfaction, Comparison with Alternatives, Investment.

Question 19

What are Duck’s four phases of relationship breakdown?

Answer 19

Intra-psychic, Dyadic, Social, Grave-dressing.

Question 20

What is the Reduced Cues Theory?

Answer 20

Online communication lacks non-verbal cues, making it impersonal.

Question 21

What is the Hyperpersonal Model?

Answer 21

Online communication can be more intimate due to selective self-presentation.

Question 22

What is gating in virtual relationships?

Answer 22

Physical and emotional barriers are removed online.

Question 23

What are the three levels of parasocial relationships?

Answer 23

Entertainment-social, Intense-personal, Borderline-pathological (McCutcheon et al.).

Question 24

What is the Absorption-Addiction Model?

Answer 24

People form parasocial relationships to escape reality or due to poor psychological adjustment.

Question 25

How does attachment theory explain parasocial relationships?

Answer 25

Insecure-resistant individuals are more likely to form parasocial relationships.

Question 26

# Duck's phase model explain what happens in the intra-psychic pase

Answer 26

Threshold -'i cant stand this anymore' -social wihtdrawal - brooding on partner's faults - thoughts kept to self or with a trusted friend

Question 27

# Duck's phase model explain what happens in the dyadic phase

Answer 27

- Threshold - 'I'd be justified in withdrawing' - discussion with partner starts happening - ironically, self-discoosure happens more frequently as partners fele they can reveal their true felings.

Question 28

# Duck's phase model explain what happens in the social phrase

Answer 28

-Threshold - 'I mean it' the partner that wants to end the realtionship will seek support from their friends - particularly join friends -once the news is public there is normallythe point of no return

Question 29

# Duck's phase model explain what happens in the grave dressing phase

Answer 29

- Threshold - 'It is now inevitable' - a suitable story of the relationship and its end is prepared for wider consumptions - soty teller most likely wants to be judged more favourably - necessary so that the person can 'move on'

Question 30

what is the recently introduced last phase of duck's phase model? and what happens in it?

Answer 30

- The resurrection stage. - recreating sense of social value - defining what to get out of future relationships