relevance of transcription

Question 1

genotype

Answer 1

• 50,000 genes in humans
• only 10,000 genes are expressed in any given cell
• genome is effectively identical in every cell

Question 2

differential gene expression

Answer 2

genome must be differentially interpreted in different cells at different times

Question 3

regulation of gene expression

Answer 3

time; development , response to hormones, infection etc
space; different tissuesor cell types express different genes

Question 4

importance of regulating gene expression

Answer 4

DNA> RNA> protein> ;
- cell proliferation; cancer
- metabolism; metabolic disease
- cell shape/motility; metastasis
- cell differentiation; congenital disorders

Question 5

how does reprogramming from a committed cell back to a pluripotent cell happen?

Answer 5

by making committed cell express TFs that will activate expression of different genes = different cell

Question 6

when does transcriptional regulation happen?

Answer 6

• at transcriptional level
• at post-transcriptional level

Question 7

transcriptional level

Answer 7

turning on/off DNA to RNA synthesis

Question 8

post transcriptional level

Answer 8

regulation of RNA stability/translation

Question 9

why is it mostly regulated at transcriptional level?

Answer 9

more energetically favorable for the cell to just express the necessary genes at a specific time rather than transcribing whole genome and only translating some of that RNA

Question 10

genes can be transcribed at different levels

Answer 10

• abundant transcript
• rare trancript
• no transcript (tissue specific proteins)

Question 11

inducible genes

Answer 11

gene expression induced by a stimuli
rare/no transcript + stimuli = abundant transcript