RELG 201 Final

Question 1

Nile River

Answer 1

overflows each year which causes floods, but the floods as they allowed the crops to grow–the Egyptians did not have to irrigate as much as the Mesopotamians

Question 2

Hapi

Answer 2

Egyptian god of the Nile and of fertility

Generally referred to as the River God, depicted as half male half female

Held the Ankh

Question 3

Ankh

Answer 3

The key of life

Question 4

8 original gods

Answer 4

Hok and Hoket, Kuk and Kuket, Nun and Nunet, Amun and Amunet

Question 5

Horus

Answer 5

Son of Osiris and Isis who will fight his evil uncle Seth to avenge his father. He was declared the new ruler of the living, and left Seth to rule the deserts as the god of evil and chaos.

Eye of Horus

Question 6

Pshent crown

Answer 6

combination of the crowns of Upper Egypt and of Lower Egypt

Question 7

Old Kingdom

Answer 7

pyramids were only built for royal people, it ended when there were two pharaohs which lessened their power

Question 8

Djoser

Answer 8

pharoah who first built a mastaba, then turned it into a steppe pyramid, then kept making it bigger

Question 9

Snefru

Answer 9

Under his reign, Egypt became very powerful, wealthy

He built three pyramids, with no inscriptions inside

Question 10

Pyramids of Giza

Answer 10

belonged to Snefru’s sons

Question 11

Khufu

Answer 11

Snefru’s son, cruel and unjust pharaoh unlike his father

His pyramid is one of the 7 Wonders of the World

Question 12

Two cases of miraculous birth

Answer 12

Since kings were no longer considered gods on earth, they created a legend that they were the sons of Ra to justify their rule

Hatchepsuut made up a legend that she was the daughter of Amon to justify being regent

Question 13

Pepi II

Answer 13

Ruled at the end of the 6th dynasty, part of the first intermediate period

He was supposed to be the head of the army but he was too old (died at 96)

Many problems after him, the 6th dynasty fell and pharaohs lost power

Question 14

Mentuhotep II

Answer 14

5th king of the 11th dynasty

Reunited Egypt, but it took him about 30 years, had to fight a lot to control everything

Question 15

Assyrians were the first to put together these three factors to create an empire

Answer 15

1) Systematic and permanent occupation of the conquered territories
2) Permanent presence of soldiers
3) Division of the territory into provinces governed by Assyrian high officials

Question 16

Assur

Answer 16

Assyrian patron deity of the city of Assur (capital for one thousand years)

Assyrian religion was based on the worship of this one supreme god. The process of turning to henotheism, pushing aside the other gods in favour of this one, represented the expansionist policies of the Assyrian empire

Question 17

Shamash (Assyria)

Answer 17

still mentioned, still has temples, but he is not as important

Question 18

Adad

Answer 18

Assyrian god of thunder, rain, and lightening (which was very important in this climate because rain was rare)

He held lightening bolts, the thunder was supposed to be the sound of his voice. His symbol was the bull

He was respected and feared. His cult was particularly developed among those of the Assyrians

Question 19

Nabu

Answer 19

son of Marduk, god of Wisdom

Question 20

Ishtar

Answer 20

Goddess of war, not so much love anymore

Second most important god in Assyria, did not really get that overshadowed by Assur unlike the rest of them

She was relied upon for divination and oracles

Question 21

Assurnasirpal II

Answer 21

On the order of Assur, he attacked nearby cities and brutally murdered the citizens + burned down their shit

This is because Assur asked him to spread the frontiers of the empire

Question 22

Assurbanipal

Answer 22

Greatest Assyrian king with a huge personal library, found many texts

Good fighter in the first part of his reign but in the second he was more peaceful and wrote more texts. The Assyrians loved him and hated him because he wasn’t defending the borders well enough

Question 23

etemmu

Answer 23

demons

Question 24

Pazuzu

Answer 24

demon associated with miscarriages because she attacked babies and pregnant women

Question 25

Zimri-Lim

Answer 25

King of Mari, close to King Hammurabi --> they called themselves brothers Eventually Hammurabi broke their alliance and destroyed his land

Question 26

Maqlû

Answer 26

"Burning" --> Babylonian (written in Akkadian) incantation text with directions for a long, anti-witchcraft incantation. Performed in the month of Abu (July-August) when spirits were moving and people were especially vulnerable to their spells

Question 27

Nebuchadnezzar I

Answer 27

During his reign, the superiority and the absolute theological pre-eminence of Marduk were recognized in Mesopotamia

Question 28

Enuma Elish

Answer 28

used to justify Marduk's takeover as the head of the pantheon (took it from Enlil)

Question 29

Nebuchadnezzar II

Answer 29

Presented himself as a righteous/just king He used Marduk and his power as creator of the universe to justify his conquests, as well as the domination by the Babylonians over many other peoples. He used propaganda: wouldn't admit to being cruel, said he was "liberating" the people he was conquering, said he was created by Marduk for this purpose

Question 30

Nabonidus

Answer 30

Last king of Babylon, played a role along with Cyrus the Great in the fall of Babylon Said he didn't want to be king and was placed their by Marduk (don't know if this was true or propaganda) He worshipped Marduk in the first years of his reign but wasn't as devoted. He tried really hard to be accepted by the priest of Marduk. The priest may have had an issue with him because he wasn't part of the royal family and was originally a supporter of Sin (his mother was his high priestess) He may have tried to replace Marduk with Sin but that would have been impossible. He preferred Sin, then Shamash, then Ishtar Nabonidus Cylinder--> depicts Marduk asking Nabonidus to rebuilt Sin's temple Fled to Tema because of problems with the priest --> cancellation of the Babylonian New Year festival

Question 31

Unas

Answer 31

last pharaoh of the 5th dynasty, first to use pyramid texts and began the tradition of covering the coffin and tomb in inscriptions

Question 32

Sargon II

Answer 32

Responsible for the destruction of the kingdom of Israel, deported 10 of the 12 tribes Son Sennacherib, whose face was erased (not generally a good sign)