Religion And Race

Question 1

What were fundamentalists?

Answer 1

People who believe in the bible word for word

Question 2

A division appeared between which areas during 19-10-1929?

Answer 2

The more conservative rural areas and modern city culture of americas urban areas

Question 3

What happened in the rural areas?

Especially in where - an area called?

Answer 3

Many people still went to churches
South and mid-west of the USA
The Bible Belt

Question 4

What happened in the Bible Belt?

Answer 4

Laws were passed prohibiting the evil life of the city such as:
Banning indecent swimsuits and gambling on Sundays

Question 5

What did Christian fundamentalists do?
Who was one of the most famous fundamentalist preachers and what did she do to show there’s support towards religious beliefs?

Answer 5

Criticised the immoral way of life of the cities, especially the jazz culture and how some women behaved
Aimee Semple McPherson
Raised more than $1.5 million in 1921 for the building of her Angelus Temple

Question 6

What is the Butler Act? When did it happen and where?

Answer 6

Butler act made it illegal for any public school to teach any theory that denied the story of the divine creation of man as taught in the bible

Passed the act in 1924 in Tennessee and five other states

Question 7

Who is John Scopes and what did he do? What was done because of this?

Answer 7

Deliberately taught evolution in his class in order to be arrested and put on trial
Was convicted of breaking
The law and fined $100
Was called the Monkey Trial
The first radio station broadcast of a court trial - people wanted to follow, and mocked the beliefs of those who opposed the theory of evolution

Question 8

During the end of the nineteenth century what were the native Americans forced by government laws to do, what didn’t they have enough of and what were they given?

Answer 8

Live on territories assigned to them with poor land and not enough animals to hunt
Given food rationing and temporary houses

Question 9

What did white people argue that native Americans had to do in order to be accepted?
What did children, men and women have to do?

Answer 9

If they rejected their old way of life and culture
Children were sent to boarding schools and taught to live as white people
Men had to cut their hair and women weren’t allowed to paint their faces

Question 10

Native Americans were only seen while they exhibited… (3)

Answer 10

Traditional crafts, spoke their language or performed in stereotypical costumes.

Question 11

In 1924, what Act was introduced and what did it do?

Answer 11

Native Americans were allowed to become citizens of the USA under the Indian citizenship act
This allowed them
To vote and defend their legal system

Question 12

What was prepared in 1928?

What did it state?

Answer 12

The Meriam Report
Stayed that the boarding schools were underfunded and understaffed and run too harshly
Stated that native Americans should be provided with the skills and education for life in their own traditional rural communities as well as American urban society

Question 13

What laws introduced segregation in the south?

What did it do?

Answer 13

The Jim Crow Laws
Kept black people separate from the white
Prevented blacks from using the same facilities as whites - separate houses, hospitals and schools
In some states, mixed marriages were forbidden

Question 14

There was discrimination against black people in the fields of.. (4)

Answer 14

Housing, jobs, education and only some were allowed to vote

Question 15

Black Americans didn’t succeed from what in the 1920s? Especially where? Why where the blacks always worse off than the whites?
What didn’t they have that stopped them from challenging the situation?

Answer 15

Economic prosperity
Southern states, agriculture was the basis of the economy and prices fell during the 1920s and early 1930s (farming struggled)
Had the worst jobs, lowest wages
Didn’t have much education therefore didn’t have the skills to challenge

Question 16

Why did blacks find it hard to get fair treatment? (2)

Answer 16

Could not vote

Denied access to good jobs and reasonable education

Question 17

Who were they intimidated by and how? What happened during the First World War, how many blacks served and when many returned?

Answer 17

Intimidated by whites (KKK) who tried to control them through fear and terror - lynch, attack etc
360,000 black Americans served in the armed forces
Returned home to realise that racism was everyday life
Between 1915-22 more than 420 black Americans were lynched

Question 18

Why did many black Americans migrate to the north and west?

Answer 18

It seemed that there was no segregation in the north
There was a demand for manufactured goods during the First World War - brought jobs to the growing industrial cities of the north

Question 19

Southern blacks began to migrate to what cities in the north? (4)
To do what?

Answer 19

New York, Philadelphia, Chicago and Detroit

To seek better living conditions and jobs

Question 20

Between 1910-1930, what happened to the black population of Detroit?

Answer 20

Rose by 2400%

Question 21

What happened to the relationship between the blacks and whites? Why? What were the places called and an example?

Answer 21

Deteriorated (got worSe)
Moved to northern cities where there were black neighbourhoods called ghettos
Harlem, New York

Question 22

This stimulates the increase in what?

Answer 22

The Ku Klux Klan membership

Question 23

What is the KKK?

What was it’s aim?

Answer 23

Ku Klux Klan

Aim to terrorise black people newly freed from slavery (intimidate and scare blacks)

Question 24

When was the KKK set up?

When did it die out and why?

Answer 24

1860

1870 when it was determined to be a terrorist organisation

Question 25

The Klan was brought back by what and when? | What was it?

Answer 25

After a release of the film ‘The birth of a nation’ in 1915 | Represented the klan saving white families from gangs of black people intent on raping and looting

Question 26

Why was releasing the birth of a nation (film) attracting so many people and who? How did it do this? What about the people who created it?

Answer 26

The cinema became popular in 1915 It promoted the development in the film industry Attracts WASPS because the company that created and advertised it was wealthy

Question 27

When did the KKK come to prominence again? When did it start growing and how many members were there 6 years later? When was the KKK at its strongest point and with how many members?

Answer 27

In 1920 Grew quickly after 1915 By 1921 there were over 100,000 Middle of the 1920s had 5million members

Question 28

What did the members wear? What was the outfit designed to do and what did it represent? When did they usually attack their victims?

Answer 28

White robes and white hoods Designed to conceal the identity of Klan members White symbolised white supremacy Attacked their victims at night

Question 29

What did members carry? Who was the leader of the Klan and what was he known as? What were people in the klan known as?

Answer 29

American flags and lit burning crosses Hiram Wesley Evans, known as the Imperial Wizard Klaliffs, Kluds, Klabees

Question 30

Who did the KKK segregate against? Who could join? What were they against?

Answer 30

Against the blacks, Papists, Jews and Mexicans Wasps Dancing, divorce and relationships outside marriage

Question 31

What did the KKK do to their victims?

Answer 31

Lynched black people Punished by whipping and burning Undressing people And covering their bare bodies with tar and feathers

Question 32

Why did the government find it hard to act against the klan? | Why did many support the Klan?

Answer 32

The members had powerful friends - Lawyers, judges, politicians etc - some were even involved in the klan They were often threatened and feared its activities

Question 33

Why was there a decline of the KKK at the end of the 1920s? | By 1928 how many members did the klan have?

Answer 33

In 1925, David Stephenson, Grand Dragon of the Indiana Klan was found guilty of rape on a train in Chicago A few hundred thousand members

Question 34

Organisations were formed by the black to fight back. Name 3 and the leaders

Answer 34

NAACP (1909) William Du Bois UNIA (1914) Marcus Garvey Booker T. Washington

Question 35

Booker T. Washington’s aim? | What did he do?

Answer 35

To educate and train black people so that they have economic growth

Question 36

What was the aim of the NAACP? What does it stand for? What did they do? What famous person was involved and what did he do?

Answer 36

They worked to improve conditions for black people through going to the law and non-violent activities, such as marches and protests Campaigned against segregation and for integration Most famous member - Martin Luther King - most famous spokesperson in the civil rights movement

Question 37

Blacks moved to the north in the years after 1910 hoping to find a better life. How many left the south, for what, and what was this known as?

Answer 37

1916-20 1 million black Americans left for jobs in the north Known as the great migration

Question 38

How weren’t conditions much better in the north? | 5

Answer 38

Blacks were given low paid jobs Lives in ghettos and faced even more racial intolerance In New York and Chicago they lived in poorer housing than white get paid higher rent Poorer education and health services than whites

Question 39

What did the Ford Motor Company do? | How many employees were there and how many did it increase to + when?

Answer 39

Progress when in 1916 there were only 50 blacks employed | But by 1926 it employed 10,000 and payed equal wages

Question 40

Racial tension grew in what year? There were race riots in more than how many US cities? What did it result in? The worst riots were where? How many died white/black? How many injured?

Answer 40

1919 20 62 deaths and hundreds of injuries Chicago, 38 died 15 white 23 black, 537 injured

Question 41

What improvements were there in the north? | 3

Answer 41

Was a growing middle class - In 1930 blacks boycotted department stores until they agreed to employ blacks Black and white communities were brought together in illegal bars (speakeasies) by jazz, jazz brought fame to several black singers and musicians such as Louis Armstrong Harlem New York became the Center of the Harlem Renaissance for black singers, musicians, artists, writers and poets