Religion and Reform

Question 1

Temperance

Answer 1

Organized campaign to eliminate alcoholic consumption

Question 2

Abstinence

Answer 2

To refrain from doing something (drinking)

Question 3

Temperance reformers valued a person’s _______ and ________.

Answer 3

Self control and discipline

Question 4

Women saw drinking as what?

Answer 4

A threat to family life

Question 5

The temperance movement led to the creation of _______ and ________.

Answer 5

Alcohol free hotels and boats

Question 6

People joined temperance societies and did what?

Answer 6

Took pledges of abstinence

Question 7

Name the main group of temperance societies and how many members there were.

Answer 7

The American Temperance Societies had 7000 members.

Question 8

One state even banned the manufacture and sale of alcohol: which state and when?

Answer 8

Maine in 1851

Question 9

In what years did alcoholic consumption drop drastically?

Answer 9

1830s to 1860s

Question 10

In the 1820s, which classes demanded tax supported public schools?

Answer 10

Working and middle

Question 11

Why did schools need reform?

Answer 11

School buildings were old, a classroom taught grades k-8, books were scarce, and teaching was inadequate

Question 12

What MA government position was created as part of education reform and when?

Answer 12

First Secretary of the Board of Education in 1837

Question 13

Horace Mann supported reforms in what?

Answer 13

Education

Question 14

Horace Mann supported ____ to _____ public education

Answer 14

Taxes

Fund

Question 15

What reforms did Horace Mann’s work lead to?

Answer 15

Schools were divided into grade levels, established consistent curricula, and teacher training

Question 16

By the _____ most northern states had free public elementary schools

Answer 16

1850s

Question 17

What was the nation’s first public high school and when was it established?

Answer 17

Boston Latin in 1821

Question 18

What were McGuffey’s Readers?

Answer 18

Horace Mann supported the use of these textbooks that promoted Evangelical Protestant moral values because he wanted to teach good citizenship. It taught students to read and promoted honesty and obedience.

Question 19

Where and for who were public schools?

Answer 19

Northern urban areas. Girls were discouraged from attending, and free Africans were excluded, but some attended segregated schools.

Question 20

Dorothea Dix was a _____ reformer

Answer 20

Prison

Question 21

Before she was a reformer, Dix was a what?

Answer 21

Former Boston school teacher

Question 22

Dix visited a MA jail in ____

Answer 22

1841

Question 23

Dix reported her findings from # years of prison visits to the _______.

Answer 23

2

MA legislature

Question 24

What were the prisons like when Dix visited?

Answer 24

The mentally ill were filthy, malnourished, and chained together in very dirty cells.

Question 25

How did MA improve prison conditions?

Answer 25

Created separate institutions for the mentally ill

Question 26

How many states followed MA's lead and reformed their prisons?

Answer 26

15

Question 27

What are utopian societies?

Answer 27

Small societies dedicated to perfect social and political conditions

Question 28

Describe New Harmony

Answer 28

Indiana The Boatload of Knowledge 1825-1829 Created by Scottish industrialist and reformer Robert Owen People shared property and lived in harmony Established so members could pursue scientific studies without the stresses and obstacles of modern capitalist society Failed due to laziness

Question 29

Brook Farm

Answer 29

Near Boston, West Roxbury The Transcendentalists 1841-1846 Secular Attracted top intellectuals (Nathaniel Hawthorne) Members farmed together to give more time for lit and sci interest that would benefit society

Question 30

The Shakers

Answer 30

``` The Simple Life 1745 to modern day Numerous settlements across the US Now in Maine Important settlement in New Lebanon, NY in 1787 Religious settlement Community supported by furniture sales Productive labor, moral perfection, equality and separation of the sexes ```

Question 31

Oneida

Answer 31

The complex marriage Upstate NY 1848-1881 Everyone married to each other in a complex marriage Community decided when to have children and cared for them after the first few years

Question 32

Fruit lands

Answer 32

The Farm without farmers Harvard, MA 1843-1844 (7 months) Self sufficient farming Strict rules: no meat, no animal labor, no drinks other than water, complete celibacy Charles Lane and Bronson Alcott- founders not farmers

Question 33

Which Beechers started what school?

Answer 33

Catherine and Mary | Hartford Female Seminary

Question 34

Catherine Beecher was...

Answer 34

A teacher who believed in women's education and that women could reform from within the home The mother forms the character of the future man

Question 35

What book did Catherine Beecher write?

Answer 35

Treatise on Domestic Economy | Offered practical advice and household tips

Question 36

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Answer 36

Abolition was the prime means of women entering politics | She opened the eyes of Northerners in her abolitionist novel Uncle Tom's Cabin

Question 37

Lucretia Mott

Answer 37

In 1840, she and all other women attending were prohibited from participating in the first World Antislavery Convention in London Teacher, Quaker minister, abolitionist Organized Seneca Falls convention with Stanton

Question 38

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 38

Daughter of a congressman, wife of an abolitionist lawyer Organized SF convention with Mott Wrote Declaration of Sentiments

Question 39

What was the Seneca Falls Convention?

Answer 39

First rights convention for women | 1848 Seneca Falls, NY

Question 40

The Declaration of Sentiments

Answer 40

``` Set of resolutions by Stanton 12 resolutions passed, signed by 68 women and 32 men #9 suffrage was the most controversial ```

Question 41

Women's thoughts on equality

Answer 41

Not all women agreed, some still believed that women belonged at home

Question 42

Religious revival movement

Answer 42

Reform rooted in faith | Promoted that God allowed people to make their own destinies

Question 43

Charles Grandison Finney

Answer 43

Religious revival leader 1821: had a conversion experience and became a Presbyterian minister Sparked revivals in upstate NY, the burned over district Emphasized individuals' power to reform themselves

Question 44

Lyman Beecher

Answer 44

From NE, sought to evangelize west US Attended Yale Popular preacher in Boston 1832: President of Lane Theological Seminary (CT) Taught that good people make a good country

Question 45

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Answer 45

Boston leader, lecturer, writer, Unitarian pastor Resigned to Concord after wife's death Gathered his lectures into 2 volumes called "Essays" Supported reform causes

Question 46

Henry David Thoreau

Answer 46

Wrote "Walden, or Life in the Woods" about the 2 year solitary stay at Walden Pond 1845 18 essays describing simple living experiment Spoke tragedy in life , failure in early teaching job 1846: jailed for not paying taxes, described in essay "Civil Disobedience"

Question 47

Immanuel Kant

Answer 47

German Philosopher who published his Critique of Pure Reason in 1841. He believed that reason needed to be balanced with emotion.

Question 48

Timothy Dwight

Answer 48

President of Yale 1795 Countered secular thinking in Yale and NE with revivals. Started the Second Great Awakening: accepting Christ's sacrifice=salvation