Religion/Education/Economics/Gov

Question 1

World Systems Analysis

Answer 1

Capitalist World System gradually took over the world and exists as:
1. Core (technological development and manufacturing)
2. Semi-Periphery (benefits from periphery through unequal exchange relations between core and periphery)
2. Periphery (supply raw materials and cheap labor, and agriculture)

One effect of the expansion of the world-system is the commodification of all things, including human labor.

Periphery has to sell their raw materials to core cheaply, but must buy the core’s manufactured products at relatively high prices.

Question 2

Bourgeoisie

Answer 2

1. Capitalist class who own the means of production (land, factories, etc)
2. Maximize profit in competition with other firms, while exploiting the working class in the process.

Question 3

Proletariat

Answer 3

Working class

Question 4

Class-consciousness

Answer 4

1. A subjective awareness of common vested interests and the need for collective political action to bring about social change.
2. The working class must develop this to begin to overthrow the bourgeoisie.

Question 5

False-Consciousness

Answer 5

1. An attitude held by members of a class that does not adequately reflect their objective position.
2. May develop an individualistic view to being exploited (“I am being exploited by my boss”).

Question 6

Liberation Theology

Answer 6

The use of the church in a Political effort to eliminate poverty, discrimination, and other forms of injustice from secular society.

Question 7

Marx’s view of religion

Answer 7

1. Only pacifies the poor so that they can continue to be exploited.
2. The dominant religion reinforces the interests of those in power.
3. Reinforces existing patterns of dominance and inequality.
4. Stops people from seeing their oppression in political terms, thus reinforcing a “false consciousness” that prevents them from taking political action.

Question 8

Fundamentalism

Answer 8

An emphasis on doctrinal conformity and the literal interpretation of sacred texts.

Question 9

Components of Religion

Answer 9

1. Belief
2. Ritual
3. Experience

Question 10

Forms of religious organization

Answer 10

1. Ecclesia
2. Denominations
3. Sects
4. New Religious Movement (or Cult)

Question 11

Ecclesia

Answer 11

1. A religious organization that claims to include most or all members of a society and is recognized as the national or official religion.
2. Since virtually everyone belongs t it, membership is by birth, not by choice.
3. Makes few demands on members.
   4 recognized by government.

Question 12

Denomination

Answer 12

1. A large organized religion that is not officially linked to the state or the government.
   2 makes few demands on members.
2. Tolerated by government.

Question 13

Sect

Answer 13

1. relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it considers the original vision of faith.
2. Fundamentally at odds with society and do not seek to become established national religions.
3. Require intensive commitment from members.

Question 14

Conflict perspective of Education

Answer 14

1. Hidden Curriculum
2. Credentialism
3. Bestowal of Status
4. Tracking
5. Correspondence Principle

Question 15

Hidden Curriculum

Answer 15

Standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools (obedience, punctuality, etc)

Question 16

Credentialism

Answer 16

1. An increase in the lowest level of education needed to enter a field.
2. May reinforce social inequality, due to poor and minorities unable to pay for increasing need for credentials.

Question 17

Correspondence principle

Answer 17

Schools promote the values expected of individuals in each social class and perpetuate social class divisions from one generation to the next.

Ex. Schools placing blue collar families kids in vocational schools and affluent kids in leadership and academic courses.

Question 18

Teacher-Expectancy Effect

Answer 18

1. Interactionist
2. The beliefs teachers have about their students affects their achievements, especially for younger students.

Question 19

3 basic sources of power in politics

Answer 19

1. Force
2. Influence
3. Authority

Question 20

3 Types of Authority

Answer 20

Devised by Max Weber. These are just Ideal Types; in reality, a society can be a mixture of more than one type:
1. Traditional
2. Rational-Legal
3. Charismatic

Question 21

Traditional Authority

Answer 21

Legitimate power is conferred by custom and accepted practice; Authority rests in custom, not personal characteristics. (King, queen, tribal chief)

Question 22

Rational-Legal Authority

Answer 22

Power made legitimate by law. (Constitution)

Question 23

Charismatic Authority

Answer 23

Power made legitimate by a leader’s exceptional personal or emotional appeal to followers.

Question 24

5 Basic Types of Government

Answer 24

1. Monarchy
2. Oligarchy
3. Dictatorship
4. Totalitarianism
5. Democracy

Question 25

Dictatorship

Answer 25

A government in which one person has nearly total power to make and enforce laws. Usually seizes power and rules by coercion.

Question 26

Totalitarianism

Answer 26

Involves virtually complete government control and surveillance over all aspects of a society’s social and political life.

Frequently dictators become totalitarian, but so can monarchies and oligarchies.

Question 27

Pluralist Model

Answer 27

Many competing groups within the community have access to government, so that no single group is dominant.

Question 28

Economic Determinism

Answer 28

a theory suggesting that economic forces determine, shape, and define all political, social, cultural, intellectual, and technological aspects of a civilization.

Question 29

3 sociological views of war

Answer 29

1. Global View
2. Nation-State View
3. Micro View

Question 30

Deindustrialization

Answer 30

The systematic, widespread withdrawal of investment in basic aspects of productivity, such as factories and plants. Consists of things such as offshoring, moving factories, corporate restructuring, downsizing, and automation.