Religion Henry VIII

Question 2

Who was commissioned by Henry VIII to produce the tombs of his parents and grandmother?

Answer 2

Italian sculpture Pietro Terriziang

This commission was influenced by Humanism.

Question 3

In what year did Henry VIII first speak to Wolsey about divorcing Catherine of Aragon?

Answer 3

1525

Question 4

What significant decision did Henry VIII make in 1527?

Answer 4

Decided firmly that he wanted a divorce from Catherine of Aragon

Question 5

What revival occurred in 1529 related to Henry VIII’s authority?

Answer 5

Revival of Praemunire

Question 6

What did the Praemunire law forbid?

Answer 6

Acknowledging papal authority over the king’s

Question 7

How many members of the upper clergy were guilty under the Praemunire law?

Answer 7

15

Question 8

What did Henry VIII do in 1530 regarding the clergy?

Answer 8

Pardoned the clergy of crimes against him but demanded recognition as ‘Supreme Head’ of the church

Question 9

What was the ‘Submission of the Clergy’?

Answer 9

A document giving Henry power to veto church laws and choose his own Bishops

Question 10

Which historical work did Henry VIII use to support his claim for a divorce?

Answer 10

Geoffrey of Monmouth’s History of the Kings of Britain

Question 11

What year was Cromwell made Vicegerent in Spirituals?

Answer 11

1534

Question 12

What was the purpose of the 1536 Royal Injunctions?

Answer 12

Replaced a restriction on the number of holy days and discouraged pilgrimages

Question 13

What were the 1538 Royal Injunctions concerned with?

Answer 13

Condemned pilgrimages and veneration of relics and images

Question 14

What did the clergy who upheld the virtues of pilgrimages, relics, and images have to do?

Answer 14

Recant publicly

Question 15

What did the 1508 injunctions require each parish to have?

Answer 15

An English Bible

Question 16

What was encouraged by the 1538 injunctions?

Answer 16

Encouraged people to read the Bible

Question 17

What was depicted on the title page of the 1539 Great Bible?

Answer 17

Henry VIII offering the Bible to Cranmer, his bishops, Cromwell, and other politicians

Question 18

According to the 10 Articles, which sacraments were deemed necessary for salvation?

Answer 18

• Baptism
• Penance
• Eucharist

Question 19

How was the Eucharist defined in the 10 Articles?

Answer 19

Ambiguously defined

Question 20

Was praying to saints for purposes other than remission accepted in the 10 Articles?

Answer 20

Yes, it was acceptable

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The 10 Articles state that only _______ were necessary for salvation.

Answer 21

Baptism, Penance, and Eucharist

Question 22

What was the purpose of the ‘Supplication Against the Ordinances’?

Answer 22

It was a petition calling Henry VIII to deal with corrupt clergy.

This petition reflected the rising anti-clerical sentiments during Cromwell’s time.

Question 23

What role did Cromwell play in the Break with Rome?

Answer 23

Cromwell helped get MPs to pass the Break with Rome legislation.

His experience as an MP was instrumental in this process.

Question 24

What did the 1535 Valor Ecclesiasticus survey uncover?

Answer 24

It uncovered corruption in smaller monasteries.

This survey was ordered by Cromwell and was pivotal in justifying the dissolution of monasteries.

Question 25

What approach did Cromwell take to gather evidence against monasteries?

Answer 25

He directed commissioners to find damaging evidence, often based on gossip. ## Footnote Historians reject this gossip-based evidence as the true reason for the dissolution.

Question 26

What was the outcome of the Dissolution of Monasteries under Cromwell?

Answer 26

Cromwell extended the closure to all religious houses, except chantries. ## Footnote This marked a significant shift in religious policy.

Question 27

Why was the Pilgrimage of Grace significant in relation to Cromwell?

Answer 27

It targeted Cromwell in particular, indicating he was pushing forward religious change. ## Footnote This reflects the opposition he faced due to his reforms.

Question 28

Who was invited into Henry VIII's Royal Council?

Answer 28

Cromwell was invited into Henry VIII's Royal Council. ## Footnote This position allowed him to influence major decisions.

Question 29

What did Parliament do in relation to anti-clerical feelings during Cromwell's time?

Answer 29

Parliament was encouraged to voice anti-clerical feelings. ## Footnote This was part of the broader push for reform.

Question 30

What Act of Parliament was passed to prevent the payment of ANNATES to Rome?

Answer 30

Act of Parliament preventing payment of ANNATES ## Footnote This act was part of the larger process of the Break with Rome.

Question 31

What did the Act in Restraint of Appeals (1533) declare?

Answer 31

Monarch had imperial jurisdiction not subject to foreign power ## Footnote This Act forbade appeals to Rome, impacting Catherine's annulment.

Question 32

What was the significance of the Act of Supremacy (1534)?

Answer 32

Acknowledged the King as head of the Church ## Footnote This gave the King rights over the Church's organization, personnel, and doctrine.

Question 33

What did the Succession Act (1534) declare about Henry's marriage to Catherine?

Answer 33

Declared Henry's marriage to Catherine as void ## Footnote It vested succession in the children of Anne and made denial of this treason.

Question 34

What was the consequence of the Treason Act (1534)?

Answer 34

Denial of royal supremacy was punishable by death ## Footnote This reinforced the authority of the King over the Church.

Question 35

What did the Act for the Advancement of True Religion (1543) restrict?

Answer 35

Restricted the reading of the Bible to upper-class males ## Footnote This Act aimed to control religious knowledge and access.

Question 36

What doctrine did the Six Articles reaffirm?

Answer 36

Reasserted Catholic Doctrine ## Footnote Denial of Transubstantiation was deemed heretical.

Question 37

What was the income threshold for monasteries to be dissolved according to the Parliamentary Act?

Answer 37

Income < £200 a year ## Footnote This led to the closure of 300 religious houses.

Question 38

How many religious houses were ordered to close during the Dissolution of Monasteries?

Answer 38

300 religious houses ## Footnote 67 were allowed to remain on appeal to Henry VIII.

Question 39

What happened to the land and resources of the dissolved monasteries?

Answer 39

Sold or rented out, valuable metal melted down ## Footnote Other resources like bricks were also sold off.

Question 40

What was the purpose of the Act for the Dissolution of Larger Monasteries?

Answer 40

Extended closure to all religious houses except chantries ## Footnote This was part of the broader Dissolution of Monasteries.

Question 41

What years did Wolsey serve in his influential role?

Answer 41

1515-1529

Question 42

How did Wolsey's palace at Hampton Court reflect Renaissance influence?

Answer 42

It exhibited more Renaissance influence

Question 43

What actions did Wolsey take regarding monasteries and religious institutions?

Answer 43

Ordered bishops to inspect monasteries, leading to the dissolution of two dozen houses and confiscation of their assets

Question 44

In what year did Wolsey plan to close monasteries with fewer than 6 inmates?

Answer 44

1528

Question 45

What was Wolsey's plan for monasteries with under 12 inmates?

Answer 45

Merge those monasteries

Question 46

What did Wolsey do with funds from closing religious houses?

Answer 46

Founded a school in Ipswich and Cardinal College, Oxford

Question 47

What title did Wolsey hold that allowed him to act on the Pope's behalf?

Answer 47

Papal Legate

Question 48

Did Wolsey consider religious reform a major aspect of his work?

Answer 48

No

Question 49

Who was the most important humanist writer during 1509-1529?

Answer 49

Thomas More

Question 50

What significant work did Thomas More publish in 1516?

Answer 50

Utopia

Question 51

What was Thomas More's stance towards Catherine of Aragon?

Answer 51

Deeply sympathetic

Question 52

What was Thomas More's view on reforming the Catholic Church?

Answer 52

Convinced that reform could be achieved

Question 53

What is the title of the book written by bishops including Cranmer?

Answer 53

Bishop's Book

Question 54

What did the Bishop's Book restore that was omitted from the Ten Articles?

Answer 54

The four sacraments

Question 55

How were the four sacraments treated in the Bishop's Book?

Answer 55

Given lower status

Question 56

What was Thomas Cranmer's initial religious affiliation before becoming a Protestant?

Answer 56

Humanist

Question 57

What are the three types of church corruption mentioned?

Answer 57

* Pluralism * Simony * Non-residence ## Footnote Pluralism refers to receiving the profits of more than one post, Simony is the purchase of church office, and Non-residence means receiving profits for a post without performing the required duties.

Question 58

Who is considered the best example of corrupt clergymen?

Answer 58

Cardinal Wolsey ## Footnote Wolsey was known for his ostentatious lifestyle.

Question 59

What did anticlericalism oppose?

Answer 59

The clergy's political and social influence ## Footnote Common lawyers criticized Canon Law and clergy privileges.

Question 60

What was the Hunne Case?

Answer 60

Involved Richard Hunne, who refused to pay a Mortuary Fee, was arrested, and found hanged in prison ## Footnote A fury ruled it murder, implicating the Bishop of London, leading Wolsey to apologize before Parliament.

Question 61

What did Simon Fish's 'Supplication of the Beggars' do?

Answer 61

Stirred up anticlerical passions ## Footnote This indicates that the crown itself played a role in promoting anticlerical sentiments.

Question 62

According to Christopher Haigh, what was the relationship between anticlericalism and the Reformation?

Answer 62

Anticlericalism was more a consequence of the Reformation than a cause ## Footnote This suggests that anticlerical sentiments arose as a reaction to the changes brought about by the Reformation.

Question 63

What role did Anne Boleyn play in the promotion of evangelicalism?

Answer 63

Protected evangelicals and those wishing to study scriptures ## Footnote Anne Boleyn wrote to Cromwell to protect Richard Herman for his role in promoting the New Testament in English.

Question 64

Who was Anne Boleyn's chaplain?

Answer 64

Matthew Parker ## Footnote Parker was a Protestant reformer and later became Elizabeth's first Archbishop of Canterbury.

Question 65

What significant work did Catherine Parr write?

Answer 65

'Lamentations of a Sinner' ## Footnote The work expressed Protestant views on salvation and grace.

Question 66

Who were the tutors of Edward VI and Elizabeth?

Answer 66

* John Cheke * Roger Ascham ## Footnote Both were humanists and played a role in the education of Henry's stepchildren.

Question 67

How did Catherine Parr influence Henry VIII?

Answer 67

Strengthened her influence after conservatives' failed attempt to turn Henry against her in 1543 ## Footnote Her ability to maintain Henry's favor was crucial for her role and the promotion of Protestant ideas.