Religion in a global context Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is religious fundamentalism?
Traditionalists who seek to return to the basics/fundamentalists of their faith. They believe there is one true view of the world which is only revealed in a sacred text. E.G Sharia Law.
According to who, what are the two types of fundamentalism?
Bruce.
Individual - response to interna threats from within. (abortion)
Communal - response to external threats from the outside. (westoxification)
What is patriarchy and what’s an example? (2)
Traditional values
instrumental role.
E.G: Taliban, no more education for girls.
What does PUMAPAC stand for?
Patriarchy
Us vs them mentality
Modern technology
Authoritative sacred text
Prophecy
Aggressive
Charismatic leader
What is us vs them mentality and what’s an example? (2)
Friends and enemies
Strong duality.
E.G: The west are the enemy against Islamic fundamentalist group.
What is modern technology and what’s an example? (2)
Against modernity but still use technology.
Targeting young people who are vulnerable.
E.G: Colour of the logo is female friendly to recruit women.
What is authoritative sacred text and what’s an example? (2)
No one should turn away from the word of God.
Literal meanings from Holy books.
E.G: Westboro Baptist Church protest - using signs to save Americans.
What is prophecy? (2)
Prediction of the future
Preparing us for the end of the world.
What is aggressive and what’s an example? (3)
Abuse, violence.
Acts of terror.
Videos of people being tortured.
E.G: Manchester Bombing.
What is charismatic leader and what’s an example? (1)
Very committed and devoted.
Pastor Phelps.
What are the four explanations for the emergence of fundamentalism?
Cultural defence
Modernity and globalisation
Monotheism
Social changes in modern society.
What is cultural defence and who argues this?
Catells.
Fundamentalism arises when religion serves as a defence mechanism to unite a community against an external threat. So they form a resistance identity.
What are contemporary examples of cultural defence? (2)
Taliban
Iranian revolution
What is criticisms of cultural defence? (2)
Causes conflict
Radical feminism highlights patriarchal ideas. (regressive change)
What is modernity annd globalisation and who argues this? (3)
Giddens.
People are faced with lots of choice, uncertainty and risk.
Cosmopolitanism - a way of thinking to embrace modernity and is open to the view of others.
Fundamentalists react against a globalised world and they restore cultural amnesia.
What are criticisms of modernity and globalisation? (2)
Beck: hybrid movements are ignored (between cosmopolitanism and fundamentalism) He sees all fundamentalist groups as the same.
Haynes: Fundamentalism is not always a reaction to globalisation - it can be local.
What is monotheism and fundamentalism and who argues this? (2)
Bruce
Monotheistic religions have more potential for developing fundamentalist groups than others. They claim to have a monopoly of truth.
Polytheistic religions lack a single authoritative text so there’s much more scope for different interpretations. They are open to any ideas.
What are social changes in modern society and who argues this?
Bruce
Fundamentalist movements have different origins and some are triggered by changes taking place within their own society.
Fundamentalism is most often a reaction to change taking place within a society. E.G: Westboro Baptist Church.
What does Huntington argue? (2)
There is a clash on civilisations. Shared religions create social cohesion within civilisations but can cause conflict between them.
Globalisation has increased the likelihood of conflict as a result of religious differences.
This then creates an us vs them relationship with increased competition between them.
What is an example of clash of civilisations? (3)
9/11.
Al Qaeda wanted to create a clash with the US to unite the world’s Muslims and have a common enemy.
Palestinian children didn’t have food or clean water and children were dying everyday.
What is the evaluation of Huntington’s work? (3)
Only a tiny minority of the world’s Muslims are remotely interested in a holy war against the West.
Bias - critics argue that Huntington’s work is anti-muslim/anti-islam.
Armstrong: sees hostility towards the west as a reaction to western foreign policy in the Middle east rather than stemming from fundametalist islam.
What is an example of a fundamentalist group and what do they do? (4)
Westboro Baptist Church
They first gained recognition when they protested at a funeral of Matthew Shepherd whp was murdered bevaise he was gay. They wanted to make God punish people who tolerate homosexuality.
They reject all forms of liberal thinking and interpret holy texts literally to justify their actions.
What is secular fundamentalism?
It refers to a new form of an atheist approach to secularism, religion and politics. E.G: Nationalism.
How can secular fundamentalism be criticised? (2)
Takes away the right for women to choose (religious forms of feminism)
Contributes to discrimination.
