Religion James 1603-25 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Why were Catholics not trusted?
Distrust after the war with the Spanish which broke out in 1580s.
How many Catholics were executed and between which years pre-James?
146 Catholics executed between 1586-1603.
Why did recusancy fines increase?
Increased recusancy fines as Catholics involved with plots with Mary.
How did James, at first, treat Catholics?
James at first was moderate, not persecuting any who were quiet and reducing recusancy fines to 1/4 what they were.
What happened to Catholics in 1604?
1604 all Priests and Jesuits ordered out of kingdom and November, recusancy reissued.
What did Parliament demand execution of against Catholics, and why did James act on this ?
Parliament wanted ‘due execution of statutes,’ against any ‘manner of recusants,’ and James was desperate for union.
What did Arminians dislike about Calvinism?
Disliked Calvinist Church organisation.
What religion did James follow?
James was Calvinist, following preaching of John Calvin who set up strict Church in Geneva.
What did Arminians believe in?
Arminians, led by Dutch theologian Jacob Arminius, believed in free will and ceremonial services/sacraments.
Believed in predestination and preaching.
Saw Catholic Church as true church but did not accept papal authority.
Who did Arminians support, and who did this anger?
In 1620s when James was involved in the negotiations with Spain, protests against Catholics mounted. Arminians upheld royal authority. James promoted Arminians, making the Commons suspicious.
Who debated at the Hampton Court Conference?
Disputation between 5 Puritans and 9 bishops led by Charles.
What bible was agreed on at the HCC?
Agreement on the Authorised or King James Bible, 1611, which would be read for 300 years.
At the HCC why did avoiding extremism fail?
Puritans failed on most demands; requesting removal of bishops would be radical but James saw wanting no surplice as trivial.
Why did James fear undue pressure at the HCC, and what did he shout?
Bishops failed with campaigning and gaining a following, so a petitioning campaign was developed. James didn’t want undue pressure and feared a Presbyterian Church..
He would be subject to the same discipline as any other member. “no bishops, no Church!”
What were results of the HCC for Puritans?
No issues by Puritans mentioned.
Puritans and Catholics agreed on the problems with dissolution of monasteries in late 16th century. Put church in lay hands with tithes, 1/10 of income taxed to ministers, held from parishes. Church in poverty. In 1610, James appointed Puritan Archbishop of Canterbury, George Abbot. Fewer popish ceremonies and more preaching, less Puritans denied livings.
What did Puritans issue in 1603?
Had 1603 Millenary Petition signed by 1000 to James, wanting to cleanse CofE of popish practise.
What issues did Puritans raise in January 1604 at the HCC?
At Hampton Court, Jan 1604, bishops and Puritans had much to discuss:
Inadequate pastoral care.
Pluralism occurred due to low stipends, wages, so clergymen had to hold more than one living, the post of a parish priest.
Why was James suspicious of Puritans?
James disliked Presbyterianism and wanted ordered Church.
What did James want in Scotland for religion, and what did he do? What was the result?
Wanted conformity and removed nobles from Kirk alliance.
Introduced bishops in 1618.
Liturgical reforms such as the Articles of Perth were very unpopular, enforced through General Assembly, including kneeling at Communion. Catholic interpretation.
Articles not strictly enforced and in 1619 a new prayer book was NOT introduced.
Who was the main plotter in the Gunpowder Plot? (Nov 1605)
Robert Catesby(1572-1605), a recusant family member involved in the Essex rebellion against Elizabeth, 1601, was one of the key plotters.
How was the GP Plot found out?
Plan found out when a letter was sent to a relative.
What were the causes of the Gunpowder Plot?
After the war with Spain ended in 1604, there were no hopes of foreign intervention
Plotters came from gentry families most affected by recusancy fines.
What was the plan for the Gunpowder Plot?
A tunnel was to be dug under the Houses of Parliament to kill the King and MPs with one stroke.
What were results of the Gunpowder Plot for Catholics?
Results:
Penal laws issued to hold public office.
Venetian ambassador claimed James was ‘in terror,’ eating his meals in private and living in innermost rooms with ‘only Scotsmen.’
Oath of allegiance to deny pope’s authority to depose kings.
Catholics could not live in or around London.
