Religion, Peace And Conflic

Question 1

Define forgiveness

Answer 1

Pardoning someone for something they gave done wrong

Question 2

Define reconciliation

Answer 2

The restoration of harmony after the breakdown of a relationship

Question 3

Define justice

Answer 3

Fairness for all people

Question 4

Define righteous anger

Answer 4

Anger against an injustice

Question 5

Define holy war

Answer 5

A war with a religious goal, authorised by a religious leader with a spiritual reward

Question 6

Define a just war

Answer 6

A war fought by the right reasons and in the right way

Question 7

Define WMD

Answer 7

Weapons of mass destruction

Question 8

Define nuclear war

Answer 8

War which makes use of nuclear weapons

Question 9

Define non-violent resistance

Answer 9

Conflict that is resolved without the use of violence

Question 10

Define conflict resolution

Answer 10

A way for two or more parties to find a peaceful solution to a disagreement among them

Question 11

Define pacifism

Answer 11

The belief that all violence, war and conflict is always wrong or sinful

Question 12

Define terrorism

Answer 12

Terrorism is where an individual, or a group of people who share certain beliefs, uses terror as part of a campaign to further their cause.

Question 13

Define radicalisation

Answer 13

The process by whihc people adopt increasingly extreme positions on religious, social or political issues

Question 14

What is martydom

Answer 14

The suffering or death of a martyr

Question 15

State one example of violence in the Bible

Answer 15

The stroy pf Cain & Abel (Genesis 4:5-11)

Question 16

State the order of the story of Cain & Abel

Answer 16

• Cain was jealous of his brother
• Genesis 4:7: God sid to Cain ‘Sin is lurking at the door…you must master it’
• Cain’s angry thoughts led to violence
• Cain plotted to kill his brother
• Genesis 4:8: ‘Cain rose up against his brother Bael, and killed him’
• Genesis 4:10 God said to Cain ‘your brother’s blood is crying out to me from the ground’x Emphisises God’s omniscience, suggesting his knowledge of the commitment of sin, highlighting the need for reconsiliation.

Question 17

What does John 14:27 state?

Answer 17

People need a deep feeling of wellbeing and an inner calm - the peace that Jesus gives (John 14:27) - to face life’s challenges.

Question 18

What does Matthew 5:21-22 state?

Answer 18

You have heard that it was said to those of ancient times, ‘You shall not murder’; and ‘whoever murders shall be liable to judgement. But I say to you that if you are angry with a brother or sister, you will be liable to judgement; and if you insult a brother or sister, you will be liable to the council; and if you say, ‘You fool’, you will be liable to the hell of fire. emphasizes the importance of inner righteousness, not just external compliance with the law. He teaches that harboring anger or contempt towards others is morally equivalent to murder. This shows that Jesus is concerned with the state of our hearts, not just our actions.

Question 19

What does Luke 23:24 state about forgiveness?

Answer 19

Father, forgive them; for they do not know what they are doing.

Question 20

What does John 21:15-17 state about forgiveness?

Answer 20

Jesus forgave Peter for denying him

Question 21

What does Matthew 18:21-22 state about forgiveness?

Answer 21

Peter asked how many times he should forgive his brother, ‘As many as seven times?’ Jesus replied, ‘seventy-seven times’- You must forgive your brother for sins done against you as many times as your brother needs forgiving. Show your brother an infinite amount of mercy and forgiveness.

Question 22

What does Matthew 6:12 state about forgiveness?

Answer 22

The Lord’s Prayer says, ‘forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors’ Too often we confuse forgiveness and reconciliation. On an individual level, forgiveness takes only one person— reconciliation takes, at the very least, two people. You can forgive someone and never reconcile with them, but you cannot truly reconcile with someone without forgiving them first.

Question 23

What quote talks pf bullying in the bible?

Answer 23

James 3:8-10: but no one can tame the tongue - a restless evil, full of deadly poison. With it we bless the Lord and Father, and with it we curse those who are made in the likeness of God!- Words can destroy a person’s self-esteem, cause fear, and leave them with a sense of powerlessness.

Question 24

What doesMatthew 5:24 state about reconciliation?

Answer 24

Jesus emphasised the importance of reconciliation by saying that if you are bringing a gift to God but have a problem with someone you need to sort it out first. Those with unforgiven sin must not worship until they have reconsiled

Question 25

What does John 14:27 state about reconsilitation?

Answer 25

Peace I leave with you; my peace I give to you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not let them be afraid. This emphisises the need of reconsiliatipn, stating that without, peace amongst the world would be lost and only temporary peace would be sustained through 1 sided forgiveness

Question 26

What does Pope Francis state about reconciliation?

Answer 26

Pope Francis has called for reconciliation and respect between religions.

Question 27

What does reconciliation bring?

Answer 27

- Learning from the past - A more peaceful future - A respect for other people's religions and beliefs - An opportunity to live without fear - Appreciation and acceptance of eachother - A stronger relationship

Question 28

Qhat are 2 biblical teachings on justice?

Answer 28

- Amos 5:23-24: Take away from me the noise of your songs; I will not listen to the melody of your harps. But let justice roll down like waters, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream. Key message: * The Catholic Church teaches that it is God's desire that everyone should be treated fairly. * The Old Testament prophet Amos taught that creating justice is more important than ensuring that worship is done correctly.

Question 29

Why is injustice wrong?

Answer 29

Injutsice can cauze people to lose theor sense of self-worth and self-respect. It can deny people dignity because they have been treated unfairly

Question 30

Should we use violent protest to respond to injustice? Under what circumstances?

Answer 30

Violent protests may be used in some circumstances provided no one is haemes. Soem partake as they believe it is the only way to get government to notice and end injustice.

Question 31

Why might people be against violent protests?

Answer 31

Many Christians believe that violent protest is an ineffective and damgonf way to create change and may result in a loss in life. It may be provided ineffective as it may be deemed as hypocritical, particularly when protesting against violence.

Question 32

What is the christian view on righteous anger?

Answer 32

Many Christians believe that righteous anger is acceptable because it can be controlled and channelled into positive action, which can improve a situation.

Question 33

What does the Just War Criteria include?

Answer 33

- It must be a just cause eg: self defence - There must be a reasonable chance of winning and bringing lasting peace - It must be declared by a legitimate authority - Only proportional force should be used - Innocent civilians should not be attacked - It must be the last resort, having tried to solve the dispute

Question 34

What are the 5 main reasons why the Catholic Church opposes weapons of mass destruction?

Answer 34

- They are completely indiscriminate and have long-term effects - They are disproportionate to any possible success that may follow - With WMDs, the possibility of success is small; there are no 'victor, only victims' (Pope Benedict XVI) - The cost pf researching, building and maintaining these weapons is great; it prevents givernmenrs from spreadinf to improve people's lives and living conditions (The Soviet Union during Cold War and impact fo arms race and WMDs on loving conditions and collapsing economy. - Pissession of these weapons increases tension and fear, making the world less safe (Eg: Soviet Union and USA during Cold war)

Question 35

What are the three main consequences of modern warfare?

Answer 35

- Civilin casulties: The catholci church teaches rhat it is wrong for covilians ro be attacked. They should be protected. The Catechism of the Catholic Church 2131 states that 'Non-combatants, wounded soldiers, and prisoners must be respected and treated humanely, - Refugees: Many civilians forced to flee fighting either due to destruction of hokes or risk of death. Flee with few possessions. End up living in poor conditons in refugee camps. Catholic church belives refugees should be welcomed and protected and actively campaigns for government and individuals to help. - Environmental damage: Modern warfare can destriy karge area sof land. Chemical weapons and nuclear weapons can affect the vegetation for decades after a war due to radiation. As 'Stewards of the earth', we have a responsibility to limit any damaeg to the environment. Popes condemned use of practices that ruin environment.

Question 36

What is the Catholic view on terrorism?

Answer 36

Pope Francis has said that it is wrong to carry out acts of terrorism in the name of God: 'Terrorism threatens, wounds, and kills indiscriminately; it is gravely against justice and charity! (Catechism of the Catholic Church 2297.) and goes against the sactity of life.

Question 37

What are 2 practical things Pope Francis has done to bring peaceful solutions to conflict?

Answer 37

- In 2013, he urged people to pray for peace in eastern Ukraine, highltighting the number pf civilian casualties - In 2013, he organised a meeting of prayer between rhe presidents of Israel and Palestine. He hoped to help bring the two leaders into a position wher echange could occur

Question 38

What are 2 Catholic agencies that help victims of war and examples?

Answer 38

- CAFOD: After cicvil war in Sierra Leone (1991-2002) CAFOD set up orphanages and rehabilitation programmes to help children who had been forced to become soldiers. - Caritas International: After fighting in Niger in 2015, many fled their homes and were living under trees. They provided food, water and shelter, even where the aid workers were themselves in danger of being attacked.

Question 39

What are 2 Catholic teachings on Pacifism (Bible quotes)

Answer 39

Matthew 5:9: 'Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God' Matthew 26:52: 'all who take the sword will perish by the sword!

Question 40

Give 2 examples of when differences in religion have caused war

Answer 40

- The Crusades- took place between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries.aimed to free Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the control of the Muslim Turks. were authorised by various Popes, who believed it to be God's will - The Thirty year war- Emporor Ferdinand forcing protestants into catholosism - Conflicts in the Middle East

Question 41

Give 3 non-religious reasons a war may occur

Answer 41

- Economics - Self-defence - To gain land and thus gaining power and influence (Eg: Soviet Union, Cpmmunism)

Question 42

What are 2 catholic organisations working for peace?

Answer 42

Pax Christi: Get sinvolved at an early stage of a cpnflict to encourage people to solve disputes peacefully and fairly Justice and Peace commision: Raises awarness of situations where people are deprived of their rights and needs, and campaigns against nucleae weapons and the arms trade

Question 43

What are Christian Pacifist views?

Answer 43

- War causes such detramenral and irriversable destruction, that problems need to be solved through more peaceful ways. - Jesus taught that peace is better than violence - Some people have a religious or moral belief in the sanctity of life - War never solves problems

Question 44

What are opposing views on pacifism?

Answer 44

- Force is sometimes necessary to solve disputes - It is the duty of a country to defend irs peoples - Peace can only be built on mutual respect which is unlikley if one party isn't prepared to defend itself - A country that isn't prepared to fight is seen as weak and thus more likely to be attacked

Question 45

What are Catholic views on torture?

Answer 45

It is illegal, it denies rhe vict8m their basic human rights, international law doesn't allow it even in war, Catholics see it as alway wrong and inhumane, views it as barbaric

Question 46

What are Catholic views on radicalisation?

Answer 46

Catholic Church focuses on mutual respect so is concenrned about radicalisation as it can make people unwilling to accept alternate views. Seen as a threat to the unity and stabilty pf society and can potentially lead to terrorism.

Question 47

What are Catholic views on Martydom?

Answer 47

Christian martyrs follow the teaching and example of Jesus who said, If any want to become my followers, let them deny themselves and take up their cross and follow me. (Matthew 16:24

Question 48

Give on Christian qho has used non violent protests successfully and one occasion the Catholic Churhc have supported a potentially violent protests

Answer 48

Non violent: Martin Luther King Jr, a Christian leader, used non- violent protests to gight for sivil rights in the US. NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Coloured Poeple. Violent: The church took part in protests which became violent against the governmenr in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2015. During the medievel crusades, the catholic church supported military campaigns to reclaim Holy Land

Question 49

What are other views on terrorism?

Answer 49

Secular perspectives often argue against terrorism due to its harm to society and innocent people, prioritizing human rights and international law.

Question 50

Who acts as an example of the inefficiency of pacifism?

Answer 50

Dietrich Bonhoeffer- Initially a pacifist however reconsidered that Nazi Germany was so powerful, that violence was necessary