Religious Diversity

Question 1

Efforts to correct injustices such as Native American boarding schools.

Answer 1

American Indian Religious Freedom Act & Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978

Question 2

The majority of American Adults believe in ___.

Answer 2

God

Question 3

65% of the US is ____.

Answer 3

Christian

Question 4

Spirituality is..

Answer 4

Developmental

Question 5

is defined as a set of beliefs, practices, and experiences held by an individual that ultimately lead to a transcendence of self to be concerned with otherness

Answer 5

Spirituality

Question 6

considered to be denominational, external, cognitive, behavioral, ritualistic, and public

Answer 6

Religion

Question 7

once wrote that many people participate in religion to avoid having a religious experience

Answer 7

Carl Jung

Question 8

includes people who value religion and respect the place that it plays in the lives of others. That is, although they choose not to participate in organized religion themselves, they respect the importance of religion in the lives of others

Answer 8

Accepting

Question 9

typically finish the phrase “I am spiritual but not religious” with a contemptuous tone. That is, they have had personal or vicarious negative experiences with organized religion

Answer 9

Disdainful

Question 10

provided a nice template for understanding the experiences of at least some people who describe themselves as spiritual but not religious

Answer 10

Wilber

Question 11

These individuals consider themselves to be neither religious nor spiritual.

Answer 11

Decliners

Question 12

is a person who has never been exposed to the spiritual life or a religious community.

Answer 12

Inexperienced Decliner

Question 13

has had some previous negative experience within a religious community that has led the individual to reject not only the religious life but also one’s own spirituality.

Answer 13

Rejector

Question 14

Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism, Taoism, and Confucianism

Answer 14

Eastern

Question 15

defines a religion organized around the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, who was born into a wealthy Hindu family in Nepal around 563 BCE. Siddhartha began his quest for enlightenment at age 19 years, originally by foregoing the luxuries of his rich family and living the life of an ascetic.

Answer 15

Buddhism

Question 16

Theravada Buddhism is practiced more by _____ than laypeople and has about 100million followers.

Answer 16

Monks

Question 17

providing a form of Buddhism that could be practiced by the masses without requiring a monastic life

Answer 17

Mahayana

Question 18

is an extension of Mahayana Buddhism, similar in philosophy but adding additional techniques, known as upaya or “skillful means,” esoteric practices that should be learned only under the tutelage of a skilled spiritual teacher

Answer 18

Vajrayana

Question 19

How many in the US identify as Buddhist?

Answer 19

.7%

Question 20

Four Noble Truths

Answer 20

Dukkha, Samudaya, Dirodha, Magga

Question 21

All existence is unsatisfactory and filled with suffering. Because this is the first Noble Truth of Buddhism, some falsely think that Buddhism is a “negative” religion. This is not so at all. Rather, Buddhism, perhaps more than other religion, acknowledges the struggles and challenges of life and the path to transcend this suffering.

Answer 21

Dukkha

Question 22

The root of suffering can be defined as a craving or clinging to the wrong things. Such a clinging is commonly referred to as an attachment.

Answer 22

Samudaya

Question 23

It is possible to end suffering by abandoning our expectations of how things should be and, through this mindfulness, become more aware of how things really are.

Answer 23

Dirodha

Question 24

Freedom from suffering is possible by following the Eightfold Path

Answer 24

Magga

Question 25

8Fold Path includes 3 Major Categories

Answer 25

Panna, Sila, Samadhi

Question 26

Paths of discernment & Wisdom

Answer 26

Panna

Question 27

occurs when we embrace the joy of life the way it is, without the maya (i.e., illusion) of hopes or fears.

Answer 27

Panna; Right View

Question 28

occurs when we act with pure intention free of manipulation borne of our expectations, hopes, and fears.

Answer 28

Panna; Right Intention

Question 29

Paths of virtue and morality

Answer 29

Sila

Question 30

occurs when we speak from right intention in an honest, simple, and genuine way.

Answer 30

Right Speech (Sila)

Question 31

occurs when we simplify life by surrendering all that complicates our life and our relationships.

Answer 31

Right Discipline (Sila)

Question 32

occurs when we form a simple relationship with our job and perform it well and with attention to detail.

Answer 32

Right Livelihood

Question 33

Right concentration

Answer 33

Samadhi

Question 34

occurs when we surrender our tendency to struggle and see things as they are and work with them without aggression.

Answer 34

Right Effort (Samadhi)

Question 35

occurs when we are precisely and clearly aware of all of our experiences, without judgment.

Answer 35

Right Mindfulness (Samadhi)

Question 36

occurs when we are fully aware and completely absorbed in present moment experience, free of worries for the future and regrets from the past.

Answer 36

Right Concentration (Samadhi)

Question 37

is the oldest known religion, with origins attributed as far back as 3200 BCE, and it is the third-largest religion in the world with approximately 15% of the global population and 0.7% of Americans identifying as Hindu

Answer 37

Hinduism

Question 38

India is 80% ____

Answer 38

Hindu

Question 39

The authors of the Vedas are:

Answer 39

Unknown

Question 40

meaning that Hindus recognize a single deity, but also recognize other gods and goddesses as facets, forms, manifestations, or aspects of that supreme God.

Answer 40

Henotheistic

Question 41

refers to the notion that all actions have moral consequences that one must accept as a part of life

Answer 41

Karma

Question 42

is the idea that one’s present life is only the most recent in a long chain of lives extending far into the past.

Answer 42

Samsara

Question 43

Hindus are referring to that aspect of the universal consciousness that is contained within the mind, body, and soul of the individual

Answer 43

Atman

Question 44

is a fairly new religion emerging in Punjab India in the 16th century

Answer 44

Sikhism

Question 45

This monotheistic religion developed in the midst of conflict between Hindus and Muslims in India

Answer 45

Sikhism

Question 46

“We are all one”

Answer 46

Gueu Nanak Dev

Question 47

Currently, __ million people worldwide practice Sikhism, making it the fifth-largest religion, with 19 million Sikhs residing in India

Answer 47

23

Question 48

the sacred text of Sikhism

Answer 48

Sri Guru Granth Sahib

Question 49

anniversaries of the births and deaths of the Gurus, as well as a celebration of the Sri Guru Granth Sahib

Answer 49

Gurpubs

Question 50

include lust, anger, greed, worldly attachment, and pride

Answer 50

The Five Cardinal Vices

Question 51

Rather than an afterlife of heaven or hell, Sikhs believe that the end of reincarnation is to merge with the one ___

Answer 51

God

Question 52

recognition of one’s spiritual duty

Answer 52

Dharam Khand

Question 53

acquisition of divine knowledge

Answer 53

Gian Khand

Question 54

experience of wisdom and beauty

Answer 54

Sharan Khand

Question 55

divine grace and power

Answer 55

Karam Khand

Question 56

Truth

Answer 56

Such Khand

Question 57

is based on ancient Chinese beliefs that over centuries have become mixed with principles from Buddhism and Confucianism

Answer 57

Taoism

Question 58

The ultimate reality; literally, “The Way.” The Tao is considered the intrinsic essence from which our existence and experience spring. The Tao is likened to water in that it is formless yet conforming, flows effortlessly yet changes, and is soft but powerful (Simpkins & Simpkins, 1999). It is through stillness and connectedness to nature that we are all connected with Tao.

Answer 58

Tao

Question 59

The life power that is the living expression of the Tao.

Answer 59

Te

Question 60

The life-force energy that is beyond intellectual understanding.

Answer 60

Chi

Question 61

A symbol popularized in the West, the Yin/Yang represents opposites, most notably the masculine and feminine, that work together to bring wholeness.

Answer 61

Yin-Yang

Question 62

Literally, “actionless action,” the commitment of Taoists to avoid actions that go against the natural order or Tao.

Answer 62

Wu-Wei

Question 63

is a set of teachings from Confucius, whose formal name was Legge, 2020). Confucius was reportedly born into royalty but was raised in poverty

Answer 63

Confucianism

Question 64

Major sacred text of Confucianism

Answer 64

The Analects

Question 65

refers to a character of excellence comprised of altruistic behavior and human kindness

Answer 65

Ren

Question 66

refers to the rites or rituals that result in proper conduct

Answer 66

Li

Question 67

It consists of both a benevolent attitude and benevolent behaviors.

Answer 67

De

Question 68

is the largest religion in the United States, with approximately 65% of the U.S. population professing to be Christian

Answer 68

Christianity

Question 69

Largest religious tradition worldwide

Answer 69

31.4% Christianity

Question 70

In the United States, 0.9% of the population identify as Muslim, adherents of

Answer 70

Islam

Question 71

Most quickly growing of the western religions in the US

Answer 71

Islam

Question 72

Second-largest religion in the world

Answer 72

Islam

Question 73

Shi’ites comprise about 13% of all Muslims and are primarily located in Iraq and Iran. The Sunnis, comprising about ___% of all Muslims

Answer 73

87%

Question 74

Focused more on the inner life than the outer, they emphasized concepts such as meaning, inner reality, and contemplatio

Answer 74

Muslim - Sufis

Question 75

There is no God but God, and Mohammed is His prophet

Answer 75

1st Pillar

Question 76

Adherents are encouraged in the Qur’an, the holy text of Islam, to be constant in prayer

Answer 76

2nd Pillar

Question 77

Those who have much should help lift the burden of those who have less

Answer 77

Charity

Question 78

is the observance of Ramadan, Islam’s holy month, considered holy because it was the month in which Mohammed both received his first revelation and, 10 years later, made his famous migration from Mecca to Medina

Answer 78

Fourth Pillar

Question 79

dictating that each Muslim who is physically and economically able should make a pilgrimage to Mecca to heighten devotion to God.

Answer 79

5th Pillar

Question 80

is the second largest religion in the United States with 1.9% of Americans identifying as Jewish

Answer 80

Judaism

Question 81

the five books that comprise the central Jewish holy text

Answer 81

Letter of the Torah

Question 82

provided a nomenclature for the various approaches that counselors can take in working with spiritual issues that arise

Answer 82

Sinnabauer and Pargament

Question 83

counselor denies the sacred “truths” of the client

Answer 83

Rejectionist Counselor

Question 84

believes in a fundamental and exclusive reality of religious and spiritual belief and experience

Answer 84

Exclusivist Counselor

Question 85

approach do not believe in an absolute reality, but that truth is constructed by humans in interactions with each other as they strive to understand their life experience

Answer 85

Constructivist

Question 86

counselor holds personal beliefs, but at the same time prizes the different beliefs of a client

Answer 86

Pluralistic

Question 87

in that it involves the imposition of a religious or spiritual framework with a client who is either an atheist or nonreligious.

Answer 87

Impositional

Question 88

“the intentional setting aside of the counselors’ personal values in order to provide ethical and appropriate counseling to all clients”

Answer 88

Ethical Bracketing

Question 89

refers to those aspects of the spiritual experience such as beliefs, creeds, and dogma that the individual uses as a framework with which to find meaning and purpose in life

Answer 89

Translation

Question 90

aspect of spirituality involves progressions to higher levels of spiritual development, often accompanied by physical, emotional, cognitive, and spiritual breakthroughs.

Answer 90

Transformation

Question 91

is a term coined by Welwood (2000) to refer to a phenomenon in which a person attempts to heal psychological wounds by working at the spiritual level only

Answer 91

Spiritual Bypass

Question 92

developed competencies for integrating spirituality into the counseling process

Answer 92

ASERVIC