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religious experiences Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

what are the three types of visons?

A

corporeal
intellectual
imaginative

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2
Q

what is a corporeal vision?

A

experienced through the senses, by using the senses we understand them and believe they’re real
e.g. St Bernadette at Lourdes

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3
Q

what is an intellectual vision?

A

experiences god but its like nothing else imaginable
left unable to articulate. beyond our experience.
e.g. St Theresa of Avila

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4
Q

what is an imaginative vision?

A

don’t physically see them like corporeal but they’re seen in a dream or hallucination.

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5
Q

what is a numinous experience?

A

experiences of awe and wonder in the presence of god. the awareness of human nothingness

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6
Q

what was ottos book called?

A

mysterium tremendum et facinans

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7
Q

what did otto say about numinous experiences?

A

wanted to show that it was fundamental to religions that we should have a personal experience with nature describing them as “mysterious, tremendous and fascinating”, which evoke a sense of awe and strangeness

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8
Q

who did otto develop the ideas of?

A

Schleiermacher

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9
Q

what did Schleiermacher believe about numinous and religious experiences?

A

they are “self-authenticating”

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10
Q

“there is no ________ in which numinous experiences do not live at the innermost ____. without it, no religion would be ______ __ ___ ____” - Otto

A
  1. religion
  2. core
  3. worthy of the name
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11
Q

who suggests that religious experiences are the foundation of religion? implying that religion without these experiences does not exist

A

Otto

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12
Q

what does ‘sui generis’ mean?

A

of their own kind

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13
Q

what does James talk about?

A

Mystical experiences

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14
Q

“The ____________ of all religion lies in the ________ experiences of the individual”
- William James

A
  1. fountainhead
  2. mystical
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15
Q

what does PINT stand for?

A

Passivity
Ineffability
Noetic quality
Transiency

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16
Q

what does the passivity quality mean for the experiencer?

A

the experiencer does not control the mystical experience but is controlled by it

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17
Q

what does the ineffability quality mean for the experiencer?

A

mystical qualities are impossible to physically describe and articulate - unlike anything else.

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18
Q

what does the noetic quality mean for the experiencer?

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A

you gain states of knowledge (personal and spiritual) as well as feelings during the mystical experience

19
Q

what does the transient quality mean for the experiencer?

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A

religious experiences generally last less then half an hour. However, they are long lasting.

20
Q

how is the experience of giving birth a challenge to james’ argument?

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A

people giving birth can experience it as noetic and ineffable etc.
if an ordinary experience like this can have the same feelings that a mystical experience gives, then James has failed.

21
Q

how did Stace describe mystical experiences?

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A

“a non- sensuous and non-intellectual union with the divine”
theyre not affected by our senses and doesnt rely on our intelligence

22
Q

“either god is a mystery or he is _______ at all. to ask for proof of the existence of ___ is on par with asking for proof of the existence of ______”

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A
  1. nothing
  2. god
  3. beauty
23
Q

what do James and Stace say is the goal of a religious experience is?

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A

union with the divine

24
Q

what is an extrovertive mystical experience?

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A

takes over state partially. senses are still active yet the oneness with god is clearly felt

25
what is an introvertive mystical experience?
the experiencer experiences complete union with god. this is the better type of religious experience (rather than extroverted)
26
what are the four main criticisms to mystical experiences?
Freud's psychology TLE The God Helmet Drugs
27
how does Freud challenge James and Stace?
he says that religion is "wish fulfilment" by the mind visions are simply hallucinations
28
what is the religious response to freud's psychology?
its only a hypothesis and cannot be tested, so can only remain a hypothesis. you accept freud if you agree with him, and dont if you dont agree. his works in their entirety have been highly criticised
29
how does TLE challenge James and Stace?
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy or TLE causes/ triggers 'religious experiences' they are self generated documented experiences show signs of lights, voices and visions
30
what is the religious response to TLE?
if god wanted us to have experiences of him, they have to be processed by the brain anyway. it doesn't matter that they have a condition, they have better and more frequent visions and encounters with god Schleiermacher and otto would say that these individuals are more spiritually awoken James argues its not about the cause but the IMPACT of the vision
31
how does The God Helmet challenge James and Stace?
it stimulates the temporal lobe as well as sensory deprivation. reports say it caused feelings of mysticism and a divine presence indicated that religious experiences may just be the result of internal brain activity
32
what is the religious response to The God Helmet?
no matter how god chooses to communicate with us, it has to be processed by the brain. the mind is the only way god can communicate so The God Helmet doesn't pose a legitimate challenge to their belief
33
how does taking hallucinogenic drugs challenge James and Stace?
substances like LSD/ hallucinogenic drugs can closely resemble religious experiences they cause altered states of consciousness, visions and a feeling of 'oneness' in the world, suggesting that religious visions may just be artificially triggered rather than genuine revelations from God.
34
what is the religious response to taking hallucinogenic drugs to induce visions?
why wouldn't a person who wants to see god try it? they may bring the person closer to god? doesn't make the experience any less legitimate James says there's no issue, they've been active in their pursuit of god and their lies are better for it
35
what are Swinburne's 2 main principles?
credulity and testimony
36
Are Swinburne's testimonies inductive or deductive?
inductive, they both use the word PROBABLY, and cannot be proven.
37
what is Swinburne's principle of credulity?
credit where credits due if it seems like X is X, then X is PROBABLY X "WE OUGHT TO BELIEVE THAT THINGS ARE AS THEY SEEM TO BE, UNTIL WE HAVE EVIDENCE THAT WE ARE MISTAKEN" -SWINBURNE
38
who said "what one seems to perceive is probably so" which principle does it fit into?
Swinburne credulity
39
what is Swinburne's principle of testimony?
not only is it reasonable to trust your own religious experiences, it's also reasonable to trust other people's testimony about their religious experiences in the absence of special considerations (if theyre a known liar, drug-users, have mental illnesses etc.) their experiences are PROBABLY as they repoered them, so believe them. "Testimony" is another person's claim that they want you to believe. "probably" - this is an inductive argument. Swinburne again uses the phrase "in the absence of special considerations".
40
"in the absence of _______ ______________, religious experiences ought to be taken as _______" -Swinburne
special considerations genuine
41
who challenges Swinburne's principles?
Peter vardy. says people have seen UFO's but most people are still skeptical religious experiences are 1st-person public, no one else can say you've had one
42
arguments for swinburnes principles?
someone believes they've had a ReligExp, it changes their life for the better, people change radically so it points to them being real conclusion is supported by the testimony of others who claim to have had a similar experience of god cumulative argument suggests that if we consider all the arguments for gods existence, taken together these arguments are incredibly strong. they strengthen the argument and are strengthened by them
43
what is HH Price's argument on swinburne?
theres a difference between 'in' and 'that' in belief eg 1. i believe in god 2. i believe that god exists "belief IN is an attitude towards a person, belief THAT is just an attitude to a proposition"
44
whats a biblical example that seems to prove the existence of religious experiences
St Paul on the road to Demascus he encounters god and is completely changed by it

Rs: Philosophy (7 decks)

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