religious fundamentalism and conflict

Question 1

almond et als definiton

Answer 1

pattern of religious militancy by which self styled true believers attempt to arrest the erosion of religious identity… and create alternatives to secular institutions and behaviours

Question 2

Bruces defintion

Answer 2

the fundamentals of faith is claiming authority for sacred texts as the basis of regulating a society

Question 3

uk and europe trends

Answer 3

the main trend is that religion has less social influence. secularisation theorists argue this is due to the west becoming more rationalistic with a strong emphasis on individualism

Question 4

what contradicts the uk and europe trends

Answer 4

the usa’s religious participation is the most stable despite being the most rationalistic and individualist society in the west

Question 5

christian fundamentalism in usa

Answer 5

refuse to teach evolution and see the bible as literal and therefore insit on teaching creationism

Question 6

bellahs view on usa Americanism and Christian fundamentalism

Answer 6

followers are expressing Americanism not religiosity. Its seen as unamerican to be atheist - therefore religion is patriotic

Question 7

herbergs view on usa Americanism and Christian fundamentalism

Answer 7

He doesnt think high levels of religious participation is evidence against secularisation and claims its just due to churches becoming more secular

Question 8

Roof and Mckinneys statistics of conservative protestants in usa

Answer 8

1984: 15.8%
today: 25%

Question 9

whats a rise in Christian fundamentalism in the usa seen as part of?

Answer 9

rise in Christian fundamentalism groups in the usa is seen as part of the global trend towards general religious fundamentalism

Question 10

what does Armstrong argue fundamentalism groups feel

Answer 10

like their religion is threatened by liberal views

Question 11

what does bruce argue fundamentalism is a result of

Answer 11

groups feeling like their traditions are under threat eg from secularization or modernisation

Question 12

what 4 circumstances does bruce say fundamentalism is likely to occur in

Answer 12

1. if theres a single sacred text eg bible
2. if theres a common external enemy eg usa and muslims
3. relative deprivation: supply of potential recruits who feel threatened/ disposed/ relatively deprived for example palestines
4. if no central source/ authority for example the pope

Question 13

what are three further causal factors of fundamentalism argued by almond

Answer 13

1. low levels of education
2. money issues
3. high levels of social inequality