Religious Leaders Flashcards
(23 cards)
Aimee Semple McPherson
1890-1944 Canadian-American evangelist active in 1920s y 30s - Founded the Foursquare Church - Used the growing medium of radio for weekly sermons and faith healing - Was kidnapped on the LA beach in 1926, which causes a huge scandal over whether she faked it
Aleister Crowley
1875-1947 British occultist, author, ceremonial magician, y mountaineer - Founded the Thelema religion in 1907, identifying himself as the prophet entrusted with guiding humanity into the Æon of Horus - Wrote sacred text The Book of the Law (1904), which declared that its followers should adhere to the code of “Do what thou wilt” and seek to align themselves with their Will through the practice of magick
Bartholomew I of Constantinople (Dimitrios Arhondonis)
1940- from Turkey - The 270th y current Archbishop of Constantinople y Ecumenical Patriarch, since 1991 - Widely regarded as the “primus inter pares” (first among equals) in the Eastern Orthodox Church, y the spirtual leader of the 300 million Orthodox Christians worldwide
Billy Graham
1918-2018 American evangelist from NC - Hosted the annual Billy Graham Crusades 1947-2005 and Hour of Decision radio show - Spiritual advisor to presidents Eisenhower, Johnson, Nixon; friends with MLK
Brigham Young
1801-77 Mormon leader from VT - Aka “American Moses” - Led Mormon settlers to Utah, y founded SLC - 2nd Pres of LDS Church (1847-77) after J Smith - 1st Governor of Utah Territory (1851-58) - Had 55 wives, 56 children - Involved in Utah War (1857-58)
Cotton Mather
1663-1728 Puritan minister y author from Boston - Influential in starting y supporting the Salem Witch Trials (1692-93) - Early supporter of smallpox inoculation - Wrote Wonders of the Invisible World (1693); Magnalia Christi Americana (1702); The Christian Philosopher (1721) - Son of Increase Mather (1639-1723), a prominent Puritan minister y President of Harvard
George Fox
1624-91 English religious leader from Leicestershire - Founder of the Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers - Travelled throughout Britain as a dissenting preacher, being jailed numerous times
Jan Hus
1369-1415 Czech priest, philosopher, y church reformer -
Founder of Hussitism movement - Seminal figure in the Bohemian Reformation, which was key predecessor to Protestant Reformation - Burned at the stake for heresy, but his followers rebelled in the Hussite Wars (1420-31), and most Czech lands were converted
Jerry Falwell
1933-2007 Baptist pastor y televangelist from VA - Founded Thomas Road Baptist Megachurch - Founded Liberty University in VA - Founded Moral Majority political org, which had large impact on 1980s politics - Outspoken opponent of homosexuality
Jesse Jackson
1941- American Baptist minister, civil rights leader, y politician from SC - Candidate for the Democratic pres. nomination in 1984 y 1988 - Served as a shadow US Senator for DC (1991-97) - Founder of Operation PUSH (People United to Save Humanity) y the National Rainbow Coalition
Jim Bakker
1940- American televangelist with Assemblies of God church - Hosted 700 Club with wife Tammy Faye Bakker during 60s, then PTL Club on TBN - Built Heritage USA Christian theme park - Sex scandal led to church resignation, then accounting fraud led to divorce y imprisonment
John Calvin
1509-64 French pastor - Reformation leader - Believed in predestination - Wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536) while in Switzerland - Many Calvinist doctrines exist, and are called “reformed Protestantism”
John Knox
1513-72 Scottish clergyman - A leader of the Protestant Reformation y the founder of the Presbyterian denomination in Scotland - Came into conflict with Mary Queen of Scots over her Catholic sympathy y his marriage to her relative
John Wesley
1703-91 English cleric, theologian, y evangelist from Lincolnshire - Leader of a revival movement within the Church of England known as Methodism - Started his own ministry in 1738, traveling and preaching outdoors - Leader in many social issues of the day, including prison reform y the abolition of slavery; y was described as “the best loved man in England”
Last 7 Popes
- Francis (2013-) - Jorge Bergoglio - From Argentina - 1st from Americas y S. Hemisphere - 1st Jesuit - 1st non-European since Gregory III (731 AD, from Syria)
- Benedict 16 (2005-13) - Joseph Ratzinger
- John Paul 2 (1978-05) - Karol Wojtyla
- John Paul 1 (1978) - Albino Luciani
- Paul 6 (1963-78) - Giovanni Montini
- John 23 (1958-63) - Angelo Roncalli
- Pius 12 (1939-58) - Eugenio Pacelli
Mary Baker Eddy
1821-1910 American religious leader from NH - Founder of Christian Science - Wrote the movement’s central text Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures (1872) - Founded the Church of Christ, Scientist in 1879 - Established the Christian Science Monitor newspaper (1908)
Meher Baba (Merwan Sheriar Irani)
1894-1969 Indian spiritual master from Pune - Born to Irani Zoroastrian parents - Maintained complete silence for unknown reasons from 1925-1969, communicating only with hand signs or an alphabet board - Made many famous visits to the west, beginning in 1931 - Wrote Discourses (1939) y God Speaks (1955) - Claimed to be the Avatar (a god in human form) of his age
Pat Robertson
1930- Baptist minister y media mogul from VA - Host of The 700 Club - Founded Christian Broadcasting Network, Regent University, The Family Channel - Ran for Republican nomination in 1988 election - Many controversial opinions on gay rights, prayer healing, Islam, abortion, etc.
Pope Clement V (Raymond Bertrand de Got)
1264-1314 French Pope (1305-14) - Moved the papacy from Rome to Avignon in 1309, where it remained until 1376 for seven successive popes - Abolished the order of the Knights Templar, at the demand of French King Philip IV
Pope Pius IX
Longest reigning elected pope (1846-1878 31 year; St.Peter reigned longer but was appointed by Christ) - Convened First Vatican Council (1869–70), which decreed papal infallibility - Last pope to rule as the Sovereign of the Papal States, which fell completely to the Italian army in 1870
Sun Myung Moon
1920-2012 Korean religious leader - Founder of the Unification Church, known for its mass weddings - Wrote Exposition of the Divine Principle (1966) - Sentenced to a labor camp in N Korea in 1947 - Jailed in the USA in 1982 for filing false tax returns
Tomas de Torquemada
1420-1498 Spanish Dominican friar - Became 1st Grand Inquisitor of the Spanish Inquisition in 1483, y greatly expanded its scope - Called the “hammer of the heretics”
William Tyndale
1494-1536 English scholar y leading figure in the Protestant Reformation - Known for his incomplete translation of the Bible into English, despite a death penalty against it - 1st English Bible to draw directly from Hebrew y Greek texts, 1st to use the name Jehovah, y 1st to take advantage of the printing press - His work The Obedience of a Christian Man (1528) influenced Henry VIII to break from the Catholic Church, despite Tyndale’s objection - Arrested in Antwerp, y executed by strangulation
