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Remaining ?'s Exam #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What branch of the segmental artery supplies the vertebra and the paravertebral region?

A

dorsospinal artery

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2
Q

Which branch of the dorsospinal artery will penetrate the meningies to enter the subarchnoid space?

A

spinal artery

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3
Q

which branches of the spinal artery supply the contents of the epidural space?

A

osseous arteries, anterior spinal canal artery, posterior spinal canal artery

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4
Q

What arteries are observed in the epidural space near the PLL?

A

anterior spinal canal artery & plexus

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5
Q

What arteries are observed in the epidural space near the ligamentum flavum?

A

anterior spinal canal artery & plexus

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6
Q

Which branches of the spinal artery supply the contents of the subarchnoid space?

A

anterior radicular artery, posterior radicular artery, anterior medullary feeder artery, posterior medullary feeder artery

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7
Q

which vessel will supply the anterior nerve rootlet and nerve root?

A

anterior radicular artery

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8
Q

what is the location and # of medullary feeder arteries present in the adult?

A

9 anterior, 12 posterior medullary feeder arteries

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9
Q

what is the name given to the artery that lies infront of the spinal cord along its length?

A

anterior spinal artery

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10
Q

The anterior spinal artery is a branch of which artery?

A

vertebral artery

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11
Q

What forms the arterial vasa corona above C3?

A

right and left anterior spinal arteries, right and left posterior spinal arteries, 4 communicating arteries

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12
Q

What forms the arterial vasa corona below C6?

A

a median anterior spinal artery, right and left posterior spinal arteries, and 3 communicating arteries

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13
Q

What veins are observed in the epidural space near the PLL?

A

anterior internal vertebral venous plexus, basivertebral vein

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14
Q

What veins are observed in the epidural space near the ligamentum flavum?

A

posterior internal vertebral venous plexus

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15
Q

What venous vessels are ID’d in the IVF?

A

intervertebral veins

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16
Q

ID the meninges of the spinal cord

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

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17
Q

What fluid is in the epidural space?

A

interstitial

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18
Q

Which of the contents of the epidural space are more likely located near/around the PLL?

A

anterior spinal canal artery & plexus
anterior internal vertebral venous plexus
basivertebral vein
recurrent meningeal vein
Hofmann (ant) ligaments

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19
Q

What fluid is present in the subdural space?

A

serous fluid

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20
Q

What fluid is in the subarachnoid space?

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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21
Q

What is the name given to the lateral extension of the pia mater along the spinal cord?

A

Dentate ligament

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22
Q

In the horizontal veiw, what direction of the spinal cord tends to be the largest?

A

transverse

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23
Q

What are the spinal cord enlargement locations and the name of each?

A

C3-T1: cervical enlargement

T9-T12: lumbar enlargement

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24
Q

Where is the greatest transverse diameter of the spinal cord?

A

C6

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25
In which plane with the diameter of the spinal cord decrease from C2-T1?
migsagittal or ant-post plane
26
What spinal nerves originate from the lumbar enlargement?
L1-S3
27
What is a generic cord level of origin-vertebral level combo for the lumbar enlargement?
L1,L2 cord level in T9 vertebra L3,L4 cord levels in T10 vertebra L5,S1 cord levels in T11 vertebra S2,S3 cord levels in T12 vertebra
28
What is the caudal end of the spinal cord called?
conus medullaris
29
What spinal nerves originate from the conus medullaris?
S4, S5, Co1
30
In which vertebral foramen will the conus medullaris typically be observed?
L1
31
What is the name given to the nerve roots below L1?
cauda equina
32
What is the continuation of pia mater below the conus medullaris called?
filum terminale internum
33
What is the location & name given to the area where all meninges first converge at the caudal part of hte vertebral column?
typically S2, the dural cul de sac
34
Neural tissue has been ID'd in what part of the filum terminale?
proximal part of the filum terminale internum
35
What is the fate of the neural tissue ID'd along the filum terminale internum?
it joins the peripheral nerve roots of the spinal nerves as high as L3 and as low as S4
36
What does the neural tissue associated w/ the filum terminale externum appear to innervate?
lower limbs and the external anal sphincter
37
The last arterial vasa corona creates what feature on angiogram?
cruciate anastomosis
38
What is the name given to the condensation of meninges below S2?
filum terminale externum
39
What is the name given to the caudal attachment of the meningees?
coccygeal medullary vestige
40
What is the name given to the condition in which the conus medullaris is located below L1 and the filum terminale is thickened?
tethered cord syndrome
41
What is the relation ship btwn scoliosis and tethered cord syndrome?
it is suggested that the column will change normal curves to mitigate damage to the spinal cord
42
What is the relationship btwn spinal nerve #, rib # and vertebral # in the thoracic region?
Nerve relates to the upper segment #, rib # relates the to the lower segment #
43
Which vertebra are typical cervicals?
C3-C6
44
What is the appearance of he typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral veiw?
posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few mm
45
What would be the direction of the typical cervical curve based on osseous features?
posterior or kyphotic
46
What accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve?
the intervertebral disc height
47
What is the direction of the typical cervical curve?
anterior or lordotic
48
At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height?
C5/C6
49
What is the effect of aging on the cervical vertebral body?
it diminishes the overall height of the vertebral body
50
What are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical?
anterior groove, posterior groove, R & L uncinate processes
51
What are the names given to the lateral modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim?
uncinate process, unciform process, incovertebral process, uncus or lateral lip
52
At what developmental age will the uncinate process 1st be observed?
3-4 fetal month
53
what are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of the typical cervical?
anterior lip, posterior lip, R & L lateral grooves
54
what is the joint classification for the anterior lip-anterior groove articulation?
fiberous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
55
What is the joint classification for the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?
modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar)
56
What is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation?
cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphsis
57
How many joint surfaces are present on the upper surface of a typical cervical vertebral body?
5
58
how many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical?
10
59
What is the name given to the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation?
joint of luschka or uncovertebral joint
60
What is the functional significance of the joint of luschka?
it appears to stabilize the intervertebral disc while accommodating flex-ext and requiring coupled motion in the cervical spine
61
What is the coupled motion?
axial rotation and lateral bend
62
What muscle attaches to the typical cervical VB?
longus colli
63
What is the orientation and angulation of the pedicle of a typical cervical?
posterolateral, 45 degrees
64
At what location on the VB of a typical cervical will the pedicle attach?
to the side and in the center of the VB
65
What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical cervical?
ligamentum flavum
66
what joint classification will be associated with the ligumentum flavum and its attachement?
fiberous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
67
ossification of the ligumentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what features? What classification of bone?
para-articular process- accessary
68
What is the typical outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical cervical vertebra?
heart shaped or triangular
69
Which is the greatest diameter of the VF of a cervical?
transverse
70
What soft tissue diameter mimics the outline of the typical cervical vertebral foramen?
the transverse diameter of the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord
71
the greatest frequency of osteophytes associated w/ the VB occurs at which cervical verebral couple?
C5/C6
72
list in order the osseous parts of the typical cervical vertebra TVP beginning at the vertebral body;
costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior tubercle, true transverse process
73
What muscles will attach to the anterior tubercle of a typical cervical veterbra?
anterior scalene, longus capitis, longus colli, anterior intertransversarri
74
What muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?
splenius cervicis, iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis, levator scapule, middle scalene, posterior scalene, rotators and posterior intertransversarii
75
what muscles will attach to the costotransverse bar?
middle scalene, posterior inertransversarii
76
What produces the primary tension on the TVP that will cause remodeling in the anterolateral and inferior direactions?
cervical spinal nerves as hey are directed anterolaterally and inferiorly to form the cervical and brachial plexuses
77
What is the name give to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar?
sulcus for the ventral primary ramus of a cervical spinal nerve
78
What is the orientation & angulation of a typical cervical TVP?
60 degrees anterolaterally, 15 degrees inferiorly
79
What is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle at C6?
Carotid tubercle
80
what will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen?
thee vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, and postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers
81
What will cause the remodeling of the anterior tubercle of C6
the common carotid artery
82
What is the name of the surface feature observed btwn the ends of the articular pillars?
the groove for the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve
83
What is the classic angulation of typical cervical articular pillars?
40-45 degrees from the coronal plane
84
Recent work suggests what angulation for typical cervical articular facets?
55-60 degrees
85
What is the orientation of the typical cervical superior articular facet?
backward, upward, medial (BUM)
86
What is the orientation of the typical cervical vertebra inferior articular facet?
forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)
87
What muscles will attach to the typical cervical articular process?
longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidus, rotators
88
What muscle bled with the capsular ligament of the cervical zygapophyses?
the semispinalis capitis, multifidis, and rotator longus
89
What is the joint classification for the typical cervical zygapophyses?
synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint
90
What modifications of the synovial joint are observed in the cervical spine?
meniscoidal folds

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