Ren 201 Past midterm 1

Question 1

Which CGIS innovation is evident in AVI data?
a) geographical partitioning of data into “tiles”
b) use of 1:20,000 aerial photography
c) continuous inventory
d) wildfire management
e) partitioning data into themes or layers

Answer 1

a) geographical partitioning of data into “tiles”

Question 2

DGPS (differential GPS)
a) measures ionospheric effects and updates GPS coordinates accordingly
b) is a GPS system based on geostationary orbits
c) is a system of reducing satellite signal interference
d) utilizes the difference between a know position and measured position to increase the accuracy of GPS units
e) cannot correct for selective availability

Answer 2

d) utilizes the difference between a know position and measured position to increase the accuracy of GPS units

Question 3

What is the unique additional information that distinguishes an orthographically rectified image from a geometrically rectified image?
A) Standard coordinate system
B) Sensor height
C) Sensor orientation
D) Sensor location
E) Digital elevation model (DEM)

Answer 3

E) Digital elevation model (DEM)

Question 4

5. Which of the following world data would be best for the vector GIS model?
   a) countries
   b) pollution
   c) temperature
   d) population
   e) elevation

Answer 4

a) countries

Question 5

6. A conformal projection will shown a distribution of Tissot’s indicatrix that are
   a) different shapes and different sizes
   b) the same shape but different sizes
   c) this question cannot be answered with the given information
   d) the same size but different shapes
   e) the same size and the same shape

Answer 5

b) the same shape but different sizes

Question 6

7. the tiling of a plane using one geometric shape with no overlaps and no gaps is a
   a) projection
   b) tessellation
   c) topology
   d) polygon
   e) vector model

Answer 6

b) tessellation

Question 7

8. This is a set of rules and behaviours that model how points, lines, and polygons share coincident geometry.
   a) topology
   b) vectors
   c) rasters
   d) parallax
   e) projections

Answer 7

a) topology

Question 8

10. Which of the following are the primitive vector objects
    a) point, line, cell
    b) cell, polygon
    c) point, line, polygon
    d) polygon
    e) line, polygon

Answer 8

c) point, line, polygon

Question 9

11. Assume a map has a representative fraction of 1:100. If an object on the map has an area of 100 square centimetres, the real world area of the object would be
    a) 10 square metres
    b) 10000 square metres
    c) 1 square metre
    d) 100 square metres
    e) 1000 square metres

Answer 9

d) 100 square metres

Question 10

12. Choose the best answer.
    a) The raster model is best for modeling discrete objects.
    b) The raster model is a less abstract model of reality than the vector model.
    c) Both the raster model and the vector model can contain various abstractions of reality.
    d) The vector model is a less abstract model of reality than the raster model.
    e) A field, such as humidity, is best modeled with the vector model.

Answer 10

c) Both the raster model and the vector model can contain various abstractions of reality.

Question 11

13. This country was the first to produce a fully operational GIS.
    a) USA
    b) Russia
    c) India
    d) China
    e) Canada

Answer 11

e) Canada

Question 12

14. Which of the following magnetic declination factors is uniform regardless of location.
    a) secular variation
    b) all the option vary by location
    c) local magnetic anomalies
    d) solar magnetic activity
    e) diurnal change

Answer 12

b) all the option vary by location

Question 13

15. Which of the following is not an element of photo interpretation?
    a) location/association
    b) pattern
    c) shape
    d) focal length
    e) tone

Answer 13

d) focal length?

Question 14

17. Which of the following is an example of In Situ data?
    a) aerial photograph
    b) satellite imagery
    c) field plot
    d) digitizing an analog map

Answer 14

c) field plot

Question 15

18. In GIS, the abbreviation “I” stands for
    a) instruction
    b) information
    c) intelligence
    d) instance
    e) interpolated

Answer 15

b) information

Question 16

19. One millimetre on a 1:1,000,000 scale image corresponds to a distance in reality of
    a) 1 kilometre
    b) 10 kilometres
    c) 100 kilometres
    d) 1000 kilometres
    e) 100 metres

Answer 16

a) 1 kilometre

Question 17

20. An example of a nominal data type from AVI attribute data is
    a) crown closure
    b) tree height
    c) leading species
    d) percent cover
    e) moisture regime

Answer 17

c) leading species

Question 18

22. Tissot’s Indicatrix is a
    a) GIS model
    b) map metric
    c) surface orientation
    d) map projection
    e) distortion ellipse

Answer 18

e) distortion ellipse

Question 19

23. The process of transforming a three-dimensional surface onto a flat map sheet is called a
    a) ellipsoid
    b) tesselation
    c) standard parallel
    d) projection
    e) spheroid

Answer 19

d) projection

Question 20

24. An image that has been transformed from its original geometry and adjusted to a known coordinate system and has distortion due to topographic variation corrected is
    a) transformed with a third order polynomial
    b) cubic resampled
    c) bilinear resampled
    d) orthorectified
    e) georectified

Answer 20

d) orthorectified

Question 21

27. Which of the following is not a vector format advantage?
    a) high resolution
    b) simple data structure
    c) topological
    d) spatial accuracy
    e) map analog

Answer 21

b) simple data structure

Question 22

28. The focal length is related to altitude above ground level(AGL) in the same way as
    a) photo distance is to ground distance
    b) focal length is to ground distance
    c) photo distance is to focal length
    d) ground distance is to focal length
    e) ground distance is to altitude above ground level(AGL)

Answer 22

a) photo distance is to ground distance

Question 23

29. Which of the following is an advantage of the raster format?
    a) good map analog
    b) spatial accuracy
    c) compatible with imagery
    d) large data set
    e) easy polygon generation

Answer 23

c) compatible with imagery

Question 24

31. Which of the following is not a CGIS innovation?
    a) GPS
    b) using an absolute system of coordinates
    c) partitioning data into map tiles or map sheets
    d) separation of data in location and attribute files
    e) partitioning data into layers or themes

Answer 24

a) GPS

Question 25

34. The collection of tools, including machinery, modifications, arrangements and procedures used by humans is defined as a) technology b) declination c) attribute data d) projection e) GIS

Answer 25

a) technology

Question 26

35. What is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement, representation and gravitational field of Earth? a) projection b) equipotential c) orthorectification d) geodesy e) georectification

Answer 26

d) geodesy

Question 27

36. Which film/sensor type is best at distinguishing plant diseases? a) colour diapositive b) panchromatic c) colour infrared d) black and white infrared e) colour negative

Answer 27

c) colour infared

Question 28

37. The minimum mapping unit of a raster is the a) cell b) point c) topology d) extent e) polygon

Answer 28

a) cell

Question 29

39. Which of the following is false. a) the global positioning system (GPS) provides coverage of the entire Earth b) some GPS receivers can use signals from more than one global navigation system. c) GPS provides an absolute location system. d) Receivers require an unobstructed line of site to the satellites. e) all global navigation satellite systems (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou) have an inclined circular

Answer 29

c) GPS provides an absolute location system.

Question 30

40. The common map projection surfaces are a) gnomic, stereographic b) secant, tangent c) conic, cylindrical, and planar d) spheroid, projection e) vector, tesselation

Answer 30

c) conic, cylindrical, and planar

Question 31

41. Suppose you are using a GPS unit while standing in the bottom of a long deep dark hole. What is likely to contribute the most error to the location reading? a) satellite clock error and ephemeris error b) tropospheric errors and ionospheric errors c) ephemeris error and tropospheric effects d) DOP and multipath distortion e) ephemeris error and ionospheric error

Answer 31

d) DOP and multipath distortion

Question 32

43. When, approximately, did the field of GIS start? a) 1830's b) 1960's c) 1990's d) 2000's e) 1930's f) 1900's

Answer 32

b) 1960's

Question 33

44. The term used to denote the displacement of one object in relation to another caused by the shift in the position of observation is a) principle point b) topology c) orthographic d) parallax e) projection

Answer 33

d) parallax

Question 34

45. In this projection, graticule lines intersect at 90 degree angles. a) equal area b) gnomic c) true-direction d) equidistant e) conformal

Answer 34

e) conformal

Question 35

46. Which of the following is not a "component" of GIS? a) methods and procedures b) analog maps c) software d) hardware e) data

Answer 35

b) analog maps

Question 36

47. Which of the following is not a metric property of a projection? a) distance b) area c) elevation d) shape e) direction

Answer 36

c) elevation

Question 37

48. Which of the following is not transmitted from a GPS satellite? a) Satellite health b) ionospheric models c) satellite location d) tropospheric models e) Satellite time

Answer 37

d) tropospheric models

Question 38

49. What is the minimum number of GPS satellites that need to be visible to the GPS receiver in order to provide exactly one 2D position fix? a) 5 b) 2 c) 3 d) 1 e) 4

Answer 38

c) 3

Question 39

50. Which of the following objects describe an equipotential gravity surface? a) datum b) spheroid c) globe d) geoid e) UTM

Answer 39

d) geoid

Question 40

52. The principle of ignoring those aspects of a subject that are not relevant to the current purpose in order to concentrate solely on those that are defines a) perception b) complexity c) abstraction d) precision e) continuous

Answer 40

c) abstraction

Question 41

56. Which of the following cannot be a tesselation shape? a) diamond b) circle c) triangle d) square e) hexagon

Answer 41

b) circle

Question 42

57. If a latitude is expressed as 53 degrees 30 minutes, it can also be expressed as a) 53.5 N b) 53.3 N c) 53.30 N d) 53.3333333333 N e) This question cannot be answered.

Answer 42

a) 53.5 N

Question 43

58. An early example of a 'spatial analysis' is the use of maps by Dr. John Snow showing a) winter is coming. b) nearest pub locations. c) recreational opportunities. d) deaths by cholera. e) forest inventory.

Answer 43

d) deaths by cholera.

Question 44

59. The two basic data structures in GIS are a) topology and coverage b) digital and analog c) polygons and pixel d) raster and vector e) tile and layer

Answer 44

d) raster and vector

Question 45

60. Which of the following is false about transformation methods a) straight lines will remain straight after a first order transformation b) a low RMS error means that an image is accurately registered c) In general, the higher the order of transformation, the lower the RMS error d) a zero order transformation will shift but not rotate an image e) polynomial transformation does not correct relief (topographic) displacement

Answer 45

b) a low RMS error means that an image is accurately registered

Question 46

5. This GPS error is a measure of satellite geometry A) dilution of precision B) ephemeris errors C) mulitpath distortion D) ionospheric effects E) tropospheric effects

Answer 46

A) dilution of precision