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renaissance Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 8 worldview categories?

A

technology,education,geography ,time beliefs,society,knowledge,values

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2
Q

when did the middle ages begin and with what event?

A

the middle ages begin in 476.ad. with the event known as fall of the rome

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3
Q

why did Europe become such a violent place during the early middle ages ?

A

because lesser lords often had no money or currency outside of war ,so they pressured their own lords to go out and fight to earn money.

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4
Q

who is thought to be a key figure in bringing stability to Europe?what event led to the power of this figure ,and how did he bring stability?

A

Charle Magne,by uniting it under a single empire.

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5
Q

why is the feudalism hierarchy often drawn in a pyramid shape?

A

the feudal hierarchy is drawn in a pyramid shape because it represents the intent of power increased from bottom to top ,with the king possessing the maximum power.

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6
Q

what did feudalism provide

A

feudalism provided a way of organizing society after the fall of Rome

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7
Q

what did a lords strength depend on ?

A

the lords strength depended on the peasents.

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8
Q

what 2 things did a lord need to defend his property and people

A

the lord needed a big wall surrounding the manor and the knights to defend his property .

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9
Q

how could a regular serf escape from serfdom?

A

for the surfs to escape the serfdom ,the surf needs to run for 366 days straight without getting caught

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10
Q

how was life as a merchant different from a peasant or lord?

A

the merchants life was not attractive in the middle ages merchants were regarded as ‘‘users ‘‘and immoral by the church ,and they often faced great danger when travelling to new countries and cities .

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11
Q

how did guilds control society?

A

the guild controlled society by providing fair and equal pricing and quality of goods.

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12
Q

why was religion so important to people living in the middle ages ?

A

religion was important to the people of the middle ages because they believed that god was everything and the one who created them.

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13
Q

why do you think medieval people accepted what the church was telling them without question?

A

the medieval people accepted what the church was telling them without a question is because the medieval people thought the church was telling them the right information .

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14
Q

why do you think people would want to become a monk or a nun?

A

they wanted to become a monk and a nun because they were taught to read and write.

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15
Q

describe 3 ways in which the church was central to people’s lives

A

1.only respected groups that provided government and protection.

2.developed and organized a system for charity for the poor.

3.started schools that provided teaching to the church.

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16
Q

the church was the only organization at the time offering education.how did this role give the church power?

A

this role gave the church power by giving people knowledge .

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17
Q

what were the crusades? who was involved? what were they fighting over? what was the primary purpose of the crusades?

A

the crusades were Christians that fought in the crusade. The Muslims,Christians,and Jews were involved in the crusades.These people were fighting over the holy land . And their primary purpose was to take over the holy land and reunite the Orthodox Christianity.

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18
Q

what did Europeans bring back from war?

A

Europeans brought back ideas, knowledge about difefrnt cultures, new foods, spices, cloth and other exotic materials.

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19
Q

what 2 things did the crusades lead to? explain them

A

slowed the advance of Islamic power and may have prevented western Europe from failing under Muslim suzerainty.

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20
Q

what was the bubonic plague nickname?

A

black death

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21
Q

one major cause of the plague and how it spread

A

one major cause of the black death was that it killed people fast and quickly. This disease is spread by a rat getting bit by a flea and being passed on to a human from the flea.

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22
Q

how did the plague reach Europe?

A

rats carried the germs, the rats were confined to smaller areas (boats) and overpopulated cities, and fleas that fed on the rats began to feed off humans. Then the boats traveled from Asia to Europe.

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23
Q

why were the Peasents revolting and in what did it happen?

A

because they were angry about a range of issues, such as low pay and the introduction of a poll tax

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24
Q

what was the result of the peasant revolt?

A

In the long term, less harsh laws, money for the poor, freedom, and equality became part of democracy.

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25
how did the peasant's revolt demonstrate a change in worldviews?
Peasant revolt happened after the Black Plague and the Crusades. They were revolting because of the high taxes.
26
In what way did trade affect Europe's worldviews?
trade affected European worldviews by their wealth which brought them power to influence leaders
27
what was exchanged along the Silk Road?
silk, spices, metals, paintings, architecture, handicrafts, etc... were sold on the Silk Road
28
where was the Silk Road located?
The Silk Road was located in China
29
who was at the center of the silk road?
at the center of the Silk Road China was located.
30
what was the silk road?
The Silk Road was an ancient trading route linking China with the West. It carried goods, and people came to trade on it.
31
what, besides trade goods, were passed along the trade routes?
Besides traded goods religion, diseases, animals, and ideas were passed on along it.
32
what goods did Italian merchants bring in by sea? give examples.
gems, mineral dyes, peacock feathers, spices, silks, cotton and brocades were brought in by sea
33
what was the most valuable trade good?
silk was the most valuable item in the Silk Road
34
what goods did Europeans, use to trade?
rice, cotton, woolen, and silk fabrics were traded by Europeans on the Silk Road.
35
how were these goods transported?
these goods were transported by mostly camels, ships, and horses.
36
what was the renaissance?
a period of European culture, artistic, political, and economic ''rebirth'' of the Middle Ages which began in 1300 in Europe.
37
how did the Renaissance spark the growth and exchange of ideas and knowledge across Europe?
through Greek texts, migration, and rediscovery.
38
how did the physical geography of Renaissance Europe affect trade and competition among European countries?
shaping routes, determining the availability of resources, affecting agricultural production, and creating locations for trade.
39
how did increased trade lead to the emergence of powerful city-states
by taking care of economic growth and cross-cultural exchange = which means sharing different ideas, traditions, and knowledge with someone who may come from a completely different background than your own.
40
in what ways did thinkers and philosophers influence society in developing a humanist worldview during the Renaissance?
by revisiting the texts of ancient Greek and Roman philosophers
41
in what ways were the Age of Discovery and the rise of imperialism expressions of an expansionist worldview?
During both periods, countries with much wealth and power wanted to expand their territories and become huge empires. Of course, we all know how that ended with many of them either being completely wiped off the map or becoming significantly weaker after a while.
42
in what ways did exploration and intercultural contact during the Renaissance affect the citizenship and identity of Europeans
it led to the rise of a new merchant class, a more democratic society, and a greater cultural diversity
43
why was the scientific method important?
made discoveries in astronomy, matter, and medicine.
44
how did astronomy change during the Renaissance?
began to undergo a revolution in thought known as the Copernican Revolution
45
how did medicine change during the Renaissance?
began to change by inventing more ideas about anatomy and the circulation of blood
46
what new developments in math came about during the Renaissance?
The invention of infinitesimal calculus
46
how did anatomy change during the Renaissance?
it underwent Significant changes
47
how was religion changing at this time?
people became more open to different religious beliefs and practices.
48
what was a major criticism of the church?
''hypocrisy''
49
explain the protestant reformation.
The Protestant Reformation was a religious movement that began in the sixteenth century
50
explain the catholic counter-reformation.
it was the Roman Catholic effort directed in the 16th and early 17th centuries against the Protestant Reformation.
51
how did information spread during this time?
by printing press
52
explain 3 effects of the printing press and more books on the Renaissance.
1. A huge increase in the volume of books 2. An increase in access to books in terms of physical availability and lower cost. 3. More authors were published, including unknown writers.
53
what are some of the main ideas of humanism?
human rights, free speech, more policies, and democracy.
54
how did humanist thinkers bring about change in Renaissance society?
discovery, promotion, and adaptation of classical works.
55
what impact did the printing press have on the spread of ideas?
allowed ideas and language to spread on a scale in Europe
56
what ideas from classical (greek and Roman) helped shape the Renaissance humanist worldview?
Renaissance humanists were interested in what classical authors had written about good government
57
how can thinkers and philosophers bring about change in society?
philosophers and thinkers may question everything so that society can have new inventions, theories, and answers that the sciences alone could not bring about.
58
what does the art of this time tell us about Renaissance society?
it embodied many artists who continued to be studied and admired for their technical ability and creative choices .
59
in what ways can shifts in ideas affect a society's worldview?
people can take care of the world better, settle for better equality, and write, making it easier for society.
60
what was the Renaissance?
a period of European culture, artistic, political, and economic ''rebirth'' of the Middle Ages which began in 1300 in Europe.
61
Why was the term renaissance used for this time? what does it mean?
Renaissance is a French word meaning “rebirth.” It refers to a period in European civilization.
62
what areas of the Greek and Roman civilizations did Renaissance humanists look at?
public and private virtue, Latin grammar, techniques of rhetoric, history, literature and poetry, and moral philosophy.
63
what 3 intercultural contacts lead to the humanist worldview?
led to significant change and altered each society's worldview.
64
what are the four main beliefs of the humanist about the individual?
independent thought, free inquiry, and responsible, creative activity.
65
what do civic humanists believe is important
they believed that responsible citizens must be educated in history and political issues to help improve society.
66
what were some new studies that were added during the Renaissance?why do you think these studies were added?
heliocentric solar system . these were probably added because of electricity.
67
how was religion at this time different from the middle ages?
the people of the Renaissance held different views
68
what does the phrase ''educating the whole child'' mean?
to ensure a child's overall development, and help improve each student's academic performance as they grow
69
what impact might increased trade and business have on a society's worldview?
it increased trade and business during the Middle Ages and exposed people to other cultures, improving their understanding and tolerance of different cultures
70
feudalism eventually collapses What are 2 primary reasons for the collapse of feudalism?
1. labor shortages and increased demands from peasants due to the black death and reduced population. 2. the rise of commerce and the increasing commonality of money transactions, to which feudalism was slow to respond.
71
why did people's attitudes toward the church begin to change?
People's attitudes toward the church began to change in the Middle Ages due to factors such as the black death, internal conflicts, and renewed interest in Greek and Roman literature.
72
73
give 3 general reasons why the location of city-states in Italy was so successful.
1. strategic geographical locations at the crossroads of important trade routes in the Mediterranean. 2. access to important trade routes on the Mediterranean sea, allowing for maritime trade and control of goods between Asia and Europe 3. desire for greater autonomy and different political leanings among the city-states
74
explain why the Italian states became so powerful and essential to the rest of Europe.
the Italian city-states became powerful and essential to the rest of Europe due to their prosperity through commerce, investments in arts, and intellectual exchange.
75
how did increased trade lead to the emergence of powerful city-states?
increased trade led to the emergence of powerful city-states like Florence, Venice, and Genoa. These city-states accumulated wealth, invested in infrastructure and military power, and fostered a wealthy merchant class, contributing to their growth as powerful entities.
76
why was Italy seen as Europe's gateway to the East? how did increased trade lead to the emergence of powerful city-states in Italy?
Italy was considered Europe's gateway to the East due to its geographical advantage as a European terminal for trade with the East Mediterranean region. It increased trade and led to the emergence of powerful city-states in Italy, such as Venice and Genoa, which became important trade hubs and established outposts and colonies in the east Mediterranean
77
what are the 4 reasons for economic success in the Italian city-states?
1. geographic locations, 2. economic opportunities, 3. political systems, 4. cultural rivalries.
78
describe Florence, genoa, and Venice.
Florence, genoa, and Venice were the most important city-states in Renaissance Italy.
79
how is Renaissance art different from medieval art?
perspective and proportions, themes, and the human body. and the subjects
80
explain how the eight worldview elements changed from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance.
The Renaissance marked a significant shift in worldview from the Middle Ages

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