Renaissance

Question 1

What is a Renaissance?

Answer 1

“Rebirth”; revival of art, literature, and learning (14-17th century

Question 2

Characteristics of the Italian Renaissance art and writing

Answer 2

Love of Greece and Rome
Humanism
Secularism
Contempt for medieval traditions
Dominated by city-states like Florence and Venice
Funded by wealthy merchants and bankers (Medici family)
Rationalism

Question 3

Art and patronage of the Italian renaissance

Answer 3

Art communicated social, political, and spiritual values
Sponsored by guilds and wealthy patrons
Art was a competition for prestige and status

Question 4

Art characteristics of Italian Renaissance

Answer 4

Realism and expression
Perspective
Classicism
Individualism
Geometrical arrangement of figures
Light and shadow (chiaroscuro)
Artists as celebrities

Question 5

Characteristics of the Northern Renaissance art and writing

Answer 5

More religious focus
Detailed realism
Oil paintings became popular (Jan van EYCK)

Question 6

What elements do Italian and Northern Renaissance have in common?

Answer 6

Focus on humanism and revival of classical learning
Emphasis on the individual and personal achievements
Innovations in art
Challenged medieval ways of thinking

Question 7

Differences between Italian and northern Renaissance

Answer 7

The Italian was more secular, focused on classical antiquity
The northern Renaissance was more religious, focused on church reform and everyday life. Driven by the invention of the printing press

Question 8

Why were there differences between the Italian and northern Renaissance?

Answer 8

Different polic al structures
Religious concerns were stronger in the north

Question 9

Giotto (Italian)

Answer 9

Early realist painter (transition from medieval to renaissance art)

Question 10

Petrarch (Italian)

Answer 10

“Father of Humanism”; love sonnets to Laura (focus on classical learning and human emotion)

Question 11

Brunelleschi (Italian)

Answer 11

Dome of Florence Cathedral (engineering genius, revived Roman architecture)

Question 12

Machiavelli (Italian)

Answer 12

The prince (realistic, secular politics)

Question 13

Isabella d’Este (Italian)

Answer 13

Patron of the arts (female influence in the arts)

Question 14

Baldassare (Italian)

Answer 14

The book of courtier (how to be a renaissance Man)

Question 15

Leonardo dr Vinci (Italian)

Answer 15

Mona Lisa, The last supper (Renaissance man ideal)

Question 16

Donatello (Italian)

Answer 16

David (first freestanding nude sculpture since antiquity

Question 17

Boccaccio (Italian)

Answer 17

The Decameron (humanistic portrayal of life)

Question 18

Michelangelo (Italian)

Answer 18

Sistine Chapel, pieta, David (master of human form and divine beauty)

Question 19

Raphael (Italian)

Answer 19

School of Athens (combined classical and Renaissance humanism)

Question 20

Sofonisba anguissola (Italian)

Answer 20

Court painter in Spain (successful female artist)

Question 21

Titian (Italian)

Answer 21

The penitent Mary Magdalene (Venetian style, mannerism)

Question 22

Artemisia Gentileschi(Italian)

Answer 22

Judith slaying Holofernes (important female Baroque artist)

Question 23

Jan van Eyck (northern)

Answer 23

Arnolfini Protrait (mastery of oil paintings became popular, extreme detail)

Question 24

Desiderous Erasmus (northern)

Answer 24

In Praise of folly (criticized church corruption)

Question 25

Albrecht Durrr (northern)

Answer 25

Woodcuts and engravings (spread Renaissance ideas to the north)

Question 26

Thomas more (northern)

Answer 26

Utopia (critiqued society and government)

Question 27

Pieter Bruegal (northern)

Answer 27

Peasant wedding (focused on everyday life)

Question 28

Francois Rabelais (northern)

Answer 28

Gargantua and pantagruel (humor and social critique)

Question 29

Hieronymus Bosch (northern)

Answer 29

Garden of earthy delights (religious symbolism and surrealism)

Question 30

William Shakespeare (northern)

Answer 30

Hamlet, Romeo, and Juliet (exploration of human emotion)

Question 31

Hans Holbein the younger (northern)

Answer 31

The ambassadors (detailed portraits with symbolism)

Question 32

The religious cause of the reformation was…

Answer 32

Sale of indulgences Church corruption Desire for biblical authority over church tradition

Question 33

The non-religious causes of the reformation were…

Answer 33

Nationalism Economic motives Printing press spread ideas rapidly

Question 34

Non-religious elements influencing Protestantism

Answer 34

Economic resentment of church wealth Political independence from papal authority Technological advance: printing press

Question 35

What was the catholic refotmstion?

Answer 35

It was the catholic response to the Protestant reformation

Question 36

Council of Trent

Answer 36

Reaffirmed catholic teaching Reformed abuses

Question 37

Martin Luther (Protestant Reformstion)

Answer 37

Faith alone for salvation

Question 38

John Calvin (Presbyterianism)

Answer 38

Predestination

Question 39

Henry VIII (Presbyterian church founder)

Answer 39

English reformation)

Question 40

Anabaptists (radical reformers)

Answer 40

Baptism, religious tolerance

Question 41

Charles V (religious wats across Europe)

Answer 41

Holy Roman emperor, tried to stop reformation)

Question 42

Philip II (catholic champion)

Answer 42

Spanish armada against England

Question 43

Council of Trent (catholic counter-reformation)

Answer 43

Church reforms and reaffirmation of doctrine

Question 44

Ursulines (catholic revitalization)

Answer 44

Religious order for women education)

Question 45

St. Teresa of Avila (catholic spirituality renewal)

Answer 45

Mysticism and reform of monasteries

Question 46

Jesuits (spread Catholicism worldwide)

Answer 46

Catholic missionaries and educators

Question 47

Peace of Augsburg (first legal recognition of Protestantism)

Answer 47

Rulers choose Lutheranism or Catholicism

Question 48

What religion is Scandinavia?

Answer 48

Protestant

Question 49

What religion is northern Germany?

Answer 49

Protestant

Question 50

What religion is England?

Answer 50

Protestant

Question 51

What religion is Spain/italy/France?

Answer 51

Catholic

Question 52

What religion is Ireland?

Answer 52

Catholic

Question 53

Roman Catholic salvation

Answer 53

Faith and good works

Question 54

Roman Catholic tradition and Bible

Answer 54

Both church tradition and Bible

Question 55

Roman Catholic sacraments

Answer 55

Seven sacraments

Question 56

Roman Catholic clergy

Answer 56

Priests as mediators, anointed clergy

Question 57

Roman Catholic worship practices

Answer 57

Formal, elaborate, in Latin

Question 58

Roman Catholic Church and state

Answer 58

Church and state work together

Question 59

Roman Catholic view on the Eucharist

Answer 59

Transubstantiation

Question 60

Roman Catholic role of saints and mary

Answer 60

Veneration of saints and Mary as intercessors

Question 61

Lutheranism salvation

Answer 61

Faith alone

Question 62

Lutheranism tradition and Bible

Answer 62

Bible alone

Question 63

Lutheranism sacraments

Answer 63

Two (B and E)

Question 64

Lutheranism clergy

Answer 64

No anointed clergy

Question 65

Lutheranism worship practices

Answer 65

Simpler

Question 66

Lutheranism church and state

Answer 66

Church under state

Question 67

Lutheranism view on the Eucharist

Answer 67

Consubstantiation

Question 68

Lutheranism role of saints and Mary

Answer 68

Rejected the veneration of saints

Question 69

Calvinism salvation

Answer 69

Predestination, faith alone

Question 70

Calvinism tradition and Bible

Answer 70

Bible alone

Question 71

Calvinism sacraments

Answer 71

None

Question 72

Calvinism clergy

Answer 72

Priesthood of all believers

Question 73

Calvinism worship and practices

Answer 73

Simpler

Question 74

Calvinism church and state

Answer 74

Church over state

Question 75

Calvinism view on the Eucharist

Answer 75

Symbolic/spiritual presence

Question 76

Calvinism role of saints and Mary

Answer 76

Rejected the veneration of saints and Mary