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Grade 8 Social Studies > Renaissance > Flashcards

Renaissance Flashcards

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1
Q

Feudalism

A

Hierarchy
The social system in which nobles hold lands for the Crown in exchange for military service. While the peasants worked on mansions and produced crop and keep a part of the yield and gave the rest to the Crown in exchange for military service.

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2
Q

The demolition of the feudal era

A

The 100 years war( Peasants revolt )
- Peasants revolted because of the high rents and taxes to fund the war
- Magna Carta was signed
Social system changed
The Bubonic Plague
- killed 1/3 of the population which decreased the payment on the manors
- Manors went bankrupt because of labour shortage
-Peasants moved out of manors and into towns situated around shops

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3
Q

Manors

A

Or fiefs- pieces of land

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4
Q

Serfs

A

Peasants who were not allowed to leave the manor

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5
Q

Freeman

A

Peasants who rented land from the lord or worked for pay

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6
Q

Guilds

A

Controlled stocks prices and standard of quality and decided who got to be accepted to be a trainee or apprentice

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7
Q

Journeymen

A

A person accepted to guild after years of training and passing the test. Years later they could be considered masters of their craft and be able to have apprentices of their own

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8
Q

Sumptuary Laws

A

Regulate the consumption of expensive and luxury goods

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9
Q

Top Level in Social System

NEW

A

High Church Officials
Rulers or lords of large manors
Old noble families
*Wealthy merchants

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10
Q

Middle Level in Social System

NEW

A 
Merchants and Businessmen
*Craftsmen
*Shop Keepers
*Bankers
Priests and lower church officials
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11
Q

Bottom Level in Social System

NEW

A 
Peasants
Rural labourers
Urban labourers
Servants
The unemployed
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12
Q

Feudalism System

A

King
Clerks and nobles
Knights
Peasants

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13
Q

Tithe

A

Portion of crop earnings given to the Church

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14
Q

In 1855

A

French historian Jules Michelet considered the term Renaissance to describe to generations as the time of rebirth in Italy

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15
Q

What does Renaissance mean?

A

Rebirth

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16
Q

What did the Renaissance reawaken?

A

Classical learning especially about Ancient Rome and Greece

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17
Q

The Italian Renaissance ( Date )

A

1300-1600

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18
Q

The Northern Renaissance ( Date )

A

1450-1600

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19
Q

Where did the Renaissance begin?

A

Italy

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20
Q

City States

A

Individual “city states” that were not unified and had their own government

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21
Q

Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?

A

Because city states like Florence, Milan, Venice, and Rome had became very wealthy in Middle Ages. This in turn helped other industries grow.

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22
Q

Who led the city states?

A

The powerful and wealthy merchant class

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23
Q

Patrons

A

People who pay artists to paint for them

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24
Q

Florence was what?

A

A Republic

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25
Who held the majority of the power?
The wealthy middle class
26
Who were the Medici?
Rulers of Florence Patrons of art Ruled Florence for 300 years( except between 1495-1512 and 1527- 1530 Included the some of the richest bankers and merchants
27
Cosimo de Medici
1434 he gained control of Florence 1389-1464 75 years of age
28
Lorenzo de Medici
Known as Lorenzo de Medici the Magnificent | Patron of Michelangelo
29
Humanism
Study of classical learning Study of worldly subjects Grammar, history, poetry etc.
30
Who did Humanists study?
Ancient Greeks and Romans
31
Who is a "Renaissance Man"?
A Renaissance Man is a person who embraces all knowledge and becomes skilled in everything
32
Francesco Petrarch
Assembled a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts | Wrote Sonnets of Laura
33
Baldassare Castiglione
Wrote The Book of the Courtier
34
Niccolo Machiavelli
Wrote The Prince Which stressed that the ends justifies the means ( Rulers should use whatever method necessary to achieve their goals)
35
Professional artists were? (Gender)
Men
36
Renaissance artists used what in there paintings?
Shading- to make objects more life like | Perspective- to give dimension and to make them look more life like
37
Artists studied/used
Anatomy and live models to paint more accurate depictions
38
What did artists reject?
Gothic architecture and instead used columns, domes, and arches
39
Filippo Brunelleschi
Developed the technique linear perspective. | He built the dome on the Florence Cathedral
40
Donatello
``` Sculptor To develop his technique he studied classical sculpture Famous Works: Marzocco- The symbol of Florence Equestrian Monument of Gattamelata ```
41
Leonardo Da Vinci
``` Renaissance Man Painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, writer, and botanist Famous Works: Mona Lisa The Last Supper Annunciation John the Baptist Flying Man Vitruvian Man ```
42
Michelangelo
Sculptor, engineer, painter, architect, and poet Famous Works: Pieta, Sistine Chapel Ceiling, Moses for the tomb of Pope Julius the second David Plans and engraving for the Peter's Basilica
43
Raphael
``` Painter and architect Famous Works: The Miraculous Draught of Fishes St. Catherine Cathedral of Alexandria The Deliverance of St. Peters School of Athens Portrait of Pope Julius the second and Baldassare Castiglione ```
44
Johannes Gutenberg
``` 1456 Gutenberg printed a complete edition of the Bible using the first printing press with movable metal type This began the printing revolution Impact: 1. Books were cheaper 2. More people learned to read 3. People gained access to knowledge 4. Ideas spread faster throughout Europe ```
45
What prevented the Renaissance from moving north? | And until when?
The Black Death | About 1450
46
Where did the Northern Renaissance begin
Flanders ( Northern France) People from Flanders were called Flemish
47
By 1500 where had the Renaissance reached?
France, Spain, Germany, and England
48
Albrecht Durer
``` Known as the German Leonardo He studied the Italian masters His works moved the Renaissance north Painter, engraver, paintmaker, mathematician, and theorist Famous Works: Columbines Praying Hands Young Hare The Small Horse Bearing of the Cross He studied the human proportions ```
49
Hubert and Jan van Eyck
The brothers developed oil paints Famous Works: Both: Ghent Altarpiece Jan: The Arnolfini Portrait and Annunciation
50
Pieter Bruegel
``` Painter Painted scenes of peasants life Also used his paintings to criticize the intolerance and cruelty he saw Famous Works: Peasant Wedding Hunters in the Snow Massacre of the Innocents ```
51
Hans Holbein, The Younger
Painter and printmaker Famous Works: Portraits of King Henry the eighth and Anne of Cleves The Abbot
52
Erasmus
Wanted the Bible to be translated into the vernacular Created a greek version of the Bible Criticized the churches lack of spirituality Wrote the Praise of the Folly which ridiculed the ignorance, superstition and vice among the christians
53
Sir Thomas More
Wrote Utopia where he described a ideal society with no private property, where everyone was educated, and where justice was used to end crime Did not support King Henry the eighth and was executed Later named a Saint by the catholic church
54
William Shakespeare
English poet, and playwright, and actor Wrote 37 play with universal themes that are still used today Characters spoke the vernacular Many phrases and words used today first appeared in his work
55
Cervantes
Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright | Wrote Don Quixote
56
Rabelais
French writer, doctor, and monk | Wrote Gargantua and Pantagruel
57
What is the Silk Road? | Connecting what?
An intricate network of trade routes | Mediterranean to central Asia and Asia to China
58
When did the Silk Road begin?
It began during China's Han Dynasty in 130 BC until 1453
59
Who closed the trade routes?
The Ottoman Empire in 1453
60
Where did the Silk Road stretch | What did this connect?
The Silk Road stretched through Asia with additional overland and sea routes China, India, Mesopotamia, Arabia, Egypt, Africa, Greece, Rome, and even Britain
61
Who pioneered the Silk Road? | Between what times?
Zhang Qian | 125 BC - 138 BC
62
When did the Silk Road reach its peak? | Between what times?
During the Mongol controlled Yuan Dynasty | 1271- 1368 AD
63
What was the penalty of attempting to take silkworms or their eggs out of the country was what? Whos tight held secret was how to make silk?
Death | China's
64
Traders often traveled in what?
Caravans
65
Why were camels used to carry items along the Silk Road?
Because they could travel long distances without water
66
Why were the items carried across the Silk Road small?
Because the camels couldn't carry heavy items over mountains and deserts
67
Why were oasis towns so important?
Because caravans could stop and rest and gather supplies and eat They were also important because merchants could also trade goods with the traders They were located along major trade routes about one day apart
68
What were some things that traveled to China?
Wool cloths, carpets, gold, silver, ivory, coral, precious stones, cucumbers, walnuts, sesame seeds, figs, alfalfa, and pomegranates
69
What were some ideas that traveled TO China?
Winemaking out of grapes and Buddhism
70
What are some things that traveled FROM China?
Silk, gun powder, paper, furs, ceramics, cinnamon bark, and rhubarb
71
What are some diseases that traveled from China?
Measles, smallpox, and the Black Death
72
How long was the Silk Road?
4000 Miles
73
How many people traveled the full 4000 miles of the Silk Road?
Very few people
74
How did things travel along the Silk Road?
Traders sell their items to merchants and these were exchanged along the rest of the Silk Road by aa intricate network of middlemen
75
What did Silk Road travelers face?
deserts, mountain passes, sandstorms, lack of water, ice storms, heavy snowfall, avalanches, and flooding Along with thieves laying in wait for vulnerable travelers
76
Perhaps one of the most famous Silk Road travelers was who?
Marco Polo
77
Marco Polo
Venetian merchant whose adventuresome travels across Asia and experiences in the court of Kublai Khan were recorded in a book "The Travels of Marco Polo"
78
What was Marco Polo's book called?
"The Travels of Marco Polo"
79
What did Marco Polo do nevertheless?
He helped increase Europe's fascination with Asia and inspired a whole new generation of explorers
80
Perspective
The collective point of view of a specific group
81
World View
Collection of beliefs about life and the universe that are held by an individual
82
Point of View
Opinions and expressions held by an individual
83
Isolation
The lack of knowledge about the world
84
Contact
Somehow the outside world got in and forces you to see what the rest of the world is like
85
Change
Things change because of seeing what was happening on the outside

Grade 8 Social Studies (1 decks)

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