Renaissance medicine

Question 1

What does the word renaissance mean?

Answer 1

It means a rebirth of interest for gaining knowledge like in the great ancient world.

Question 2

When was the printing press invented?

Answer 2

1451

Question 3

Which Belgian doctor used dissections to prove Galen wrong?

Answer 3

Vesalius

Question 4

What was Vesalius’s book called?

Answer 4

The Fabric of the Human Body

Published in 1543.

Question 5

After Geminus copied Vesalius’s illustrations into a new book (called Compendiosa), what type of people used it as a manual in England?

Answer 5

English barber surgeons

Question 6

How many mistakes made by Galen did Vesalius spot?

Answer 6

200

Question 7

Which French surgeon ran out of oil on the battlefield and so used ointment instead?

Answer 7

Pare

Question 8

In which year did Pare discover the use of his ointment worked on wounds?

Answer 8

1537

Question 9

What else did Pare do?

Answer 9

He used ligatures to stop bleeding, invented the crows beak to use in surgery (this was like a clamp), and made false limbs.

Question 10

What was Pare’s book called?

Answer 10

Works on Surgery

Question 11

Who was the most famous English surgeon who used Pare’s ideas?

Answer 11

William Clowes (Queen Elizabeth’s surgeon)

Question 12

Which English doctor published the book On the Motion of the Heart?

Answer 12

William Harvey

Question 13

What did this book say?

Answer 13

That blood circulated around the body from the heart.

Question 14

Give two ways Harvey was scientific in his approach.

Answer 14

He experimented on cold blooded animals and he experimented by pumping liquid through valves.

Question 15

When did Harvey publish his findings?

Answer 15

1628

Question 16

Why did Harvey get so much criticism?

Answer 16

He went against Galen and could not explain how blood went from arteries to veins.

Question 17

What did some people call Harvey?

Answer 17

A quack (an unqualified useless doctor).

Question 18

What were travelling medical salesmen called in the 1600s and 1700s?

Answer 18

Quacks

Question 19

What was the Royal Touch?

Answer 19

When people went to the King to be touched by him and healed, showing that people still believed God caused disease, as the King was God’s representative on earth.

Question 20

Give an example of a new natural remedy bought back from the explorers of the 1600s.

Answer 20

Quinine for malaria (from South America)

Question 21

When was the Great Plague?

Answer 21

1666

Question 22

How many people died from the Great Plague in London?

Answer 22

100,000

Question 23

What were the records called that showed how many people died in each area during the Great Plague?

Answer 23

Bills of Mortality

This made people see a link between dirty areas and high death rates.

Question 24

What similarities were there between The Black Death and the Plague?

Answer 24

Did not know what caused it, similar efforts to cure it.

Question 25

What were the differences with the Black Death?

Answer 25

More efforts to contain it; searchers, watchmen, red crosses, bodies brought out at night, large crowds banned (e.g., plays cancelled).

Question 26

Which English King shut the monasteries and therefore many of the hospitals?

Answer 26

Henry VIII (in 1530s)

Question 27

Name two new hospitals built in the 1700s by money donated by wealthy individuals.

Answer 27

Guys Hospital and Westminster Hospital

Question 28

In the 1700s, what was still the main idea behind most treatments?

Answer 28

4 humours

Question 29

How did hospitals in the 1700s improve?

Answer 29

Doctors now trained there, and many gave medicine to the poor.

Question 30

What types of specialist hospitals were built in the 1700s?

Answer 30

St Lukes (for mentally ill), Lock hospitals (for STDs), Middlesex (for pregnant women)

Question 31

By 1800, how many patients did London hospitals treat each year?

Answer 31

20,000