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Renaissance Medicine > Renaissance Medicine > Flashcards

Renaissance Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Vesalius published his work ‘The Fabric of the Human Body’ in…

A

1543

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2
Q

Harvey published his book ‘An Anatomical Account of the Motion of the Heart and Blood’ in…

A

1628

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3
Q

What was the name of a group of scientists, thinkers and writers who were interested in new ideas, physics botany, astronomy and medicine in the 17th century?

A

The Royal Society

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4
Q

When was the Great Plague?

A

1665

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5
Q

King Charles II died in…

A

1685

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6
Q

How many people died from the Great Plague?

A

75,000

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7
Q

What strong-smelling herbs did people use to ward off the bad air of the Plague?

A

lavender and sage

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8
Q

What did most physicians do during the Plague?

A

moved to the countryside

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9
Q

What substance with a powerful smell did people chew as a treatment for the Plague?

A

tobacco. A school boy at Eton in 1665 was flogged for not smoking often enough.

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10
Q

How soon after were families expected to report plague symptoms to examiners?

A

2 hours

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11
Q

What were the names of the hospitals people who were ill with the plague were sent to live in away from the city?

A

pest-houses

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12
Q

Which animals were banned from being inside cities?

A

pigs, dogs, cats and other animals.

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13
Q

What did they do to stray animals?

A

killed them. 40,000 dogs and 200,000 cats were killed by appointed ‘dog-killers’

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14
Q

Which war did Thomas Sydenham fight in?

A

The English Civil War

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15
Q

What did Harvey prove?

A

That the body has a one-way system for the blood. This proved that the veins carry blood not blood AND air as Galen had thought.

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16
Q

Why was printing so important?

A

It meant everything came out the same with no mistakes which had not happened in books copied by hand.

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17
Q

Did people still believe in the Theory of the Four Humours?

A

Yes

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18
Q

Did people still believe in the King’s Touch?

A

Yes

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19
Q

Was Thomas Sydenham more prepared to learn from daily experience or books?

A

daily experience

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20
Q

Who chided (made fun of) Galen for relying on knowledge of animals not human bodies?

A

Vesalius

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21
Q

Where in the body did Galen believe blood was ‘concocted’ (cooked)?

A

the liver

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22
Q

Galen believed that blood was washed out of the liver through veins into other parts of the body and then, what happened to it?

A

He believed it was ‘consumed’ or used up by the body. So, it disappeared.

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23
Q

What three things did Harvey discover about blood?

A
  1. the same blood constantly moves in a CIRCUIT around the body.
  2. blood is moved around by the BEATING OF THE HEART which works as a muscle.
  3. there was something connecting arteries and veins but he didn’t know what.
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24
Q

What did Harvey dissect to study the heart? Why?

A

Frogs because they are cold-blooded and their hearts beat more slowly so he could perform slow-motion experiments.

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25
Q

Who first discovered and used a microscope in Britain?

A

Robert Hooke, 1665

26
Q

What new discoveries were made with the microscope?

A

red blood cells, sperm and other micro-organisms.

27
Q

Renaissance medicine focused on HOW the body worked but for moral, spiritual and religious reasons medical practitioners did not question…

A

WHY the body worked in a certain way. They were scared to discuss and question the idea of a ‘soul’ in medical terms.

28
Q

What war injuries helped develop new treatments?

A

gun shot wounds

29
Q

What are ligatures?

A

thread (sutures) tied around a blood vessel to stop blood flow. First used for amputations.

30
Q

Who came up with and first used ligatures?

A

Paré

31
Q

What is cauterising?

A

Burning the skin of a wound to stop bleeding.

32
Q

What did Paré cauterise wounds with instead of hot oil?

A

an ointment made from egg yolk, rose oil and turpentine.

33
Q

Why did lots of hospitals close in the 16th century?

A

Because they were run by churches and in 1536 Henry VIII closed all the monasteries.

34
Q

What were fugitive sheets?

A

prints of anatomical (body) drawings for medical students that had flaps that lifted to show the body during various stages of dissection.

35
Q

How many mistakes did Vesalius find in Galen’s work?

A

300

36
Q

Name 3 mistakes of Galen that Vesalius proved were wrong?

A

Possible answers =

  1. the human lower jaw was in one part, not two.
  2. women did not have one pair of ribs more than men
  3. the human liver did not have 5 separate lobes (parts)
  4. the vena cava (main vein of the heart) did not lead tot he liver
37
Q

What hands-on practice was now legal?

A

dissection

38
Q

What invention made books easier to find and cheaper?

A

The Printing Press

39
Q

Some herbal remedies worked and encouraged people to stick to old treatments although they did not why remedies worked like we do today. Give an example.

A
  1. Using honey as an ingredient which we now know kills bacteria.
  2. A remedy for scurvy = horseradish roots, orange juice and 12 thinly cut oranges. We know today that fruit and veg helps cure scurvy.
40
Q

What are the dates of the renaissance? What centuries are these?

A

1500 - 1700

41
Q

What was the name of the pioneer who came up with the idea of the chicken and wine?

A

Thomas Sydenham

42
Q

What did Sydenham think caused disease or illness

A

Things outside the body

43
Q

What did Sydenham prove about scarlet fever and

A

They are two different diseases

44
Q

Name a disease Sydenham described in detail

A

Gout

45
Q

What treatment did Sydenham describe for smallpox?

A

Airy room, light blankets, and cold drinks

46
Q

What treatment did Sydenham prescribe for malaria?

A

Cinchona bark from Peru

47
Q

Which Greek philosopher was Thomas Sydenham linked to?

A

Hippocrates

48
Q

Why was Sydenham linked to Hippocrates?

A

They both looked at the importance of clinical and careful observation

49
Q

What did people continue to believe caused disease between the middle ages and Renaissance?

A

Miasma theory and the four humours

50
Q

Why did some new medical ideas from the Renaissance have a limited on the effect of medicine?

A

They didn’t offer practical treatments

51
Q

What is anatomy?

A

Inside the human body

52
Q

What new technology of the renaissance allowed scientist to see bacteria for the first time and who invented it?

A

Microscope

53
Q

From which year did William Harvey’s discovery help TREAT and CURE people?

A

1901

54
Q

Name two medical developments made by Ambroise Paré.

A
  1. Made egg yolk and turpentine ointment to treat gunshot wounds instead of oil
  2. Ligatures to sew up wounds
55
Q

What was the name of Paré’s book and when was it published?

A

‘Notes on Surgery’ 1564

56
Q

What was Vesalius professor of?

A

Surgery and Anatomy

57
Q

How did Vesalius get bodies to work on?

A

Ransacked cemeteries for bodies

58
Q

What was the main difference between the Black Death and the Great Plague?

A

The government was more organised and set more laws to try to prevent the spread of it.

59
Q

What was a Plague Doctor?

A

A medical physician who treated victims of the plague. They were specifically hired by towns that had many plague victims. Since the city was paying their salary, they treated everyone: both the wealthy and the poor. They often wore a beak-like mask which was filled with aromatic items. The masks were designed to protect them from putrid air, which (according to the miasma theory) was seen as the cause of infection.

60
Q

What did Vesalius do?

A

He dissected human bodies and recorded his observations

Renaissance Medicine (1 decks)

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