Renaissance + Reformation

Question 1

Martin Luther

Answer 1

Began the protestant reformation by publicly speaking against the selling of indulgences

Question 2

“95” theses

Answer 2

Martin Luther hung these on a church door and they criticized the power of the Pope

Question 3

Edict/Diet of worms

Answer 3

A decree that declared Luther an outlaw and condemned his writings

Question 4

Act of supremacy

Answer 4

Required subjects to take an oath declaring the king the head of church and state

Question 5

King Henry VIII

Answer 5

A devout christian king who was against Luther

Question 6

John Calvin

Answer 6

Another Protestant reformer who believed in predestination and was a strict leader

Question 7

Counter Reformation

Answer 7

Reforms within the church in response to Protestant complaints

Question 8

Ignatius Loyola

Answer 8

Founder of the Jesuits. He helped with the Catholic Counter Reformation

Question 9

Council of Trent

Answer 9

A council called by the Pope in order to address the validity of Protestant complaints

Question 10

Inquisition

Answer 10

A church court to fight protestantism and heretics.

Question 11

Wittenberg

Answer 11

Where Luther went to hide when he was being pursued

Question 12

Predestination

Answer 12

The anti-church idea that God already chooses who is good/bad and that being a good christian in life will not change your outcome after death. Your fate is predetermined

Question 13

Theocracy

Answer 13

A government where church and state are one

Question 14

Jesuits

Answer 14

Monastic order founded by Ignatius Loyola that took part in intense praying and complete loyalty to pope

Question 15

Heliocentric theory

Answer 15

The theory the sun was the center of the universe- a new theory proposed by Copernicus

Question 16

Geocentric Theory

Answer 16

Christian/ancient belief the the earth was the center of the universe

Question 17

Aristotle/Ptolemy

Answer 17

Ancient thinkers who believed the Geocentric theory

Question 18

Copernicus

Answer 18

Scientist who invented the Heliocentric theory and created mathematic models to prove it

Question 19

Johannes Kepler

Answer 19

Proved Copernicus Heliocentric theory further and corrected it by adding that planets revolve in a ellipse shape (oval, not perfect circle)

Question 20

Galileo

Answer 20

Built first telescope and studied many space objects

Question 21

Scientific method

Answer 21

Method involving in depth observation and hypothesizing

Question 22

John Knox

Answer 22

Formed theocracy in Geneva based on Protestantism

Question 23

What were the main causes of the Protestant reformation?

Answer 23

Issues within the Catholic church and the unfair selling of indulgences inspired Martin Luther speak up against the church, which sparked the reformation

Question 24

How did protestantism lead to political, social, and other changes within Europe?

Answer 24

Christendom broke apart, the Papacy had less power, and there was general political and social turmoil

Question 25

How did the Catholic church attempt to regain faith of their followers?

Answer 25

The council of trent addressed complaints, made administrative reforms, created better education and training, and tried to lessen church abuses. Church institutions supported reforms and the Inquisition went after heretics.

Question 26

How did the scientific revolution add to issues already faced by the Catholic Church?

Answer 26

Disproved previous church beliefs (i.e. Geocentric theory) and therefore weakened validity of all church beliefs.

Question 27

Medici Family

Answer 27

Powerful, rich, and ruling family of Florence for many years

Question 28

Brunelleschi

Answer 28

Architect who built incredibly tall dome of Duomo

Question 29

Donatello

Answer 29

Free standing nude sculptor

Question 30

Perspective

Answer 30

Technique that creates depth via size

Question 31

Machiavelli

Answer 31

Wrote "The Prince", which advised rulers to be politically effective

Question 32

Northern Rennaisance

Answer 32

Smaller Renaissance brought on by the spread of ideas outside of Italy

Question 33

Rennaissance women

Answer 33

Strict standards- must be beautiful but modest, a good hostess, and graceful

Question 34

The courtier

Answer 34

A popular book detailing the ideal renaissance man and woman

Question 35

Leonardo Da Vinci

Answer 35

Multi talented renaissance man and famous artist

Question 36

Michelangelo

Answer 36

Famous sculptor of "David" and famous painter of sistine chapel

Question 37

Johannes Gutenberg

Answer 37

Invented the Printing press which allowed the faster spread of books, and therefore, the spread of everything

Question 38

Ghiberti

Answer 38

Spent 50 years creating baptistry doors of incredible depth

Question 39

Frescoes

Answer 39

Lifelike, wet plaster paintings that created a revolution in art

Question 40

Humanism

Answer 40

Celebration of human body and classics

Question 41

Secularism

Answer 41

Worldly, secular matters (not church related)

Question 42

Indivualism

Answer 42

Celebration of individual achievements

Question 43

Patron

Answer 43

Someone who financed art

Question 44

Dante

Answer 44

Wrote the Divine Comedy

Question 45

Raphael

Answer 45

Famous painter- "School of Athens"

Question 46

Indulgences

Answer 46

A slip of paper sold to people on streets which could "buy" people out of time in purgatory- very criticized practice

Question 47

Boticelli

Answer 47

Italian Renaissance painter

Question 48

What were the key ideas formed in the renaissance?

Answer 48

Humanism, secularism, and individualism

Question 49

How was the renaissance different from the middle ages?

Answer 49

Massive incline in culture and talent and technology- less religious, more people focused

Question 50

What were the major achievements of the Rennaissance

Answer 50

Incredible art, artists, and writers Belief in H.I.S. Printing press

Question 51

Absolute Monarch

Answer 51

When a ruler has total and complete power

Question 52

Versailles

Answer 52

Royal palace in France

Question 53

Sir Thomas More

Answer 53

Wrote "Utopia" and Criticized English governmemt