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BMSC 208 > Renal 1 > Flashcards

Renal 1 Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

nephron

A
  • functional unit

- 80% cortical; 20% juxtamedullary nephrons

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2
Q

juxtaglomulary apparatus

A

where distal tubule of the nephron passes between afferent and efferent arterioles

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3
Q

vasa recta

A

peritubular capillaries that dip into the medulla and back into the cortex
- aka juxtamedullary nephron in the medulla

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4
Q

glomerular filtration

A

movement of fluid and solutes from glomular capillaries into the bowman space
- at the glomerulus

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5
Q

tubular secretion

A

movement of blood into lumen of tubule that doesn’t occur at glomerulus

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6
Q

tubular reabsorption

A

movement of a substance from lumen back into blood

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7
Q

how many liters of plasma is filtered at the glomeruli each day (glomular filtration rate)

A

180 L
greater then 99% reabsorbed
1.5L excreted

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8
Q

filtration

A

movement of fluid from blood into the lumen of nephron

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9
Q

secretion

A

movement of selected molecules from the blood into the nephron

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10
Q

reabsorption

A

movement of filtered material from the lumen of the nephron to the blood

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11
Q

descending limb

A

water is being reabsorbed; osmolarity gets higher as it is going down descending limb

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12
Q

ascending limb

A

lots of solute being reabsorbed; hypoosmotic meaning more solute is absorbed than water lost

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13
Q

osmolarity

A

number of particles in a solution

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14
Q

amount of solute excreted formula

A

amount filtered - amount reabsorbed + amount secreted

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15
Q

filtration fraction

A

only 20% of plasma entering bowman’s capsule is filtered; the other 80% continues into the peritubular capillaries

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16
Q

capillary endothelial cells (renal corpuscle filtration barrier)

A

fenestrated; large pores

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17
Q

basal lamina (basement membrane)

A

second layer of filtered matieral; excludes most plasma proteins

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18
Q

podocyte endfeet

A

nephrin and podocin in filtration slit. if these are abnormal than protein will be in urine

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19
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

blood flowing through the glomerular capillaries forces fluid through the leaky endothelium

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20
Q

colloid osmotic pressure

A

pressure due to plasma proteins that can’t cross the capillary endothelium (pressure into glomerulus)

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21
Q

bowman’s capusle hydrostatic pressure (Pfluid)

A

pressure of fluid from lumen on capillary - opposes filtration

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22
Q

net filtration pressure formula

Study These Flashcards
A

hydrostatic pressure - colloid osmotic pressure - bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure

23
Q

glomerular filtration rate

Study These Flashcards
A

volume of fluid that filters from the glomerular capillaries into the bowman’s capsule per unit time

24
Q

factors that determine GFR

Study These Flashcards
A
  • filtration pressure - renal flow and blood pressure

- filtration coefficient - slit surface area and filtration barrier permeability

25
myogenic autoregulation (maintain GFR)
ability of smooth muscle to respond to pressure changes | - depolarization happens when stretch is sensed, Ca2+ channels open and Ca2+ enters and you get contraction
26
tubuloglomerular feedback (maintain GFR)
local control pathway in which fluid flow through the tubule portion of the nephron influences GFR - maca densa cells secrete paracrine signal for afferent arterioles to constrict
27
macula densa cells
monitor fluid flow through the tubule and can release paracrine signals that affect afferent/efferent arteriole diameter
28
granular cells
secrete renin which is involved in salt and water balance
29
sympathetic neurons influence on GFR
filtration coefficient - symp neurons release norepinephrin that act in alpha1 adrenergic receptors leading to vasoconstriction in both afferent/efferent arterioles
30
hormones that modulate arteriole resistance
- angiotensin II - vasoconstrictor - prostaglandins - vasodilators - these hormones act on podocytes and change the size of slits for filtration
31
where does most reabsorption take place
proximal tubule; smaller amounts in distal segments of nephron
32
types of transport of reabsorption
- transepithelial (transcellular) - substances cross the apical and basolateral membrane of tubule cells go into ECF - paracellular - substances pass through cell to cell junctions between two adjacent tubule cells
33
active transport of Na+
lumen is more -ve than ECF. | anions will follow Na+ out of the lumen which will increase the [] of ECF and water will follow out into capillary?
34
saturation
max rate of transport that occues when all available carries are occupied by substrate
35
passive reabsorption
36
reabsorption rate of glucose
reabsorption of glucose is proportional to plasma [] until Tmax is reached
37
transport maximum
substrate [] equal to or above saturation point
38
renal threshold
plasma [] where saturation occurs and glucose shows up in urine
39
excretion rate of glucose
when plasma glucose is low enough 100% of filtered glucose is reabsorbed. - once carriers reach saturation, glucose excretion begins
40
secretion
transfer of molecules from the extracellular fluid into lumen of the nephron
41
what kind of transport is secretion
active; movement against [] gradient (low to high)
42
amount excreted
amount filtered-amount reabsorbed +amount secreted
43
glucose excreted
glucose filtered - glucose reabsorbed
44
how does the reabsorbed fluid get into the capillary
the hydrostatic pressure that exists along the peritubular capillary is less than the colloid osmotic pressure, so the net pressure gradient favours reabsorption
45
secretion is the act of moving substances ___ concentration gradient
against
46
OAT transporter
transports a wide range of anions by using energy from dicarboxylates down [] gradient to use against [] gradient
47
direct active transport
Na/K ATPase keeps intracellular Na [] low
48
secondary indirect active transport
NaDC concentrates a dicarboxylate inside the cell using energy stores in [Na] gradient
49
tertiary indirect active transport
OAT transporters concentrate OA- inside the cell
50
excretion
filtration - reabsorption + secretion
51
excretion rates depends on ___ and ___
filtration rate and whether the substance is being reabsorbed and/or secreted
52
clearance of a solute
rate at which a solute dissappears from the body by excretion or metabolism - measures GFR
53
clearance of a solute
rate at which a solute dissappears from the body by excretion or metabolism - measures GFR extreton rate of X/[X] plasma

BMSC 208 (5 decks)

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