Renal Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is urinary obstruction
Urine flow obstruction
two reasons for urinary obstruction
- anatomical reason (blockage)
- Functional (decrease muscle action)
What occurs from a urinary blockage
- Backs up and accumulation of urine in tract and into kidneys
= nephron/glomerular dysfunction and damage
S+S of urinary obstruction
- decrease urine flow
- pain
treatment for urinary obstruction
Removal of blockage
What is acute kidney injury
- Occurs when a significant decline in renal function = decrease fluid, electrolyte and PH balance.
What does AKL lead to
- Decrease GFR (decrease 25% or more)
- Decrease oliguria (decrease urinary output)
- Azotemia = increase nitrogenous compounds in blood (urea)
What causes AKI
- Pre-renal (result in kidney injury but doesn’t occur in kidneys)
e.g. hypovolemia, renal artery stenosis - Intra-renal
e.g. tubular necrosis, glomerulonephritis, CKD - post-renal
Urinary tract obstructions
S+S AKI
- Decrease urination
- Oedema
- Metabolic acidosis
- Effect other systems (nausea and vomiting, irritability, drowsiness, confusion)
AKL Management
specific to cause + fluids, electrolytes and increase PH maintenance, possible nutritional Maintenace
What is Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of glomeruli = inadequate glomerular filtration + increase in permeability (more can fit through and less filtration)
S+S Glomerulonephritis
- Protein Uria (protein in urine)
- Hematuria (blood cells (RBC) in urine)
- Oliguria
- Hypertension
- Oedema
- Azotemia
What is Acute and chronic Glomerulonephritis
Acute :
- mainly due to streptococcal infection
Chronic:
-typically due to other systemic complications
what is Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
- Chronic condition
- Progressive and irreversible loss of nephrons
pathway of CKD
- decrease glomerular function = decrease GFR
- Decrease reabsorption
- Decrease secretion
- Decrease other functions (BP homeostasis, production of EPO)
What can CKD lead to
- Glomerular hypertension, hyperfiltration and hypertrophy
= glomerulosclerosis
= tubular inflammation and fibrosis
= further nephron loss
What causes CKD
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Glomerulonephritis
- Polycystic kidney
S+S CKD
- Uremia (syndrome of CKD) = Azotemia + systemic S+S
- By the time S+S occur, nephron loss is too significant
