Renal

Question 1

what is not a function of the kidneys

Answer 1

the kidneys return ammonia and urea to the blood stream

Question 2

the kidneys are located in ?

Answer 2

retroperitoneal space

Question 3

location of the right kidney

Answer 3

right kidney is lower due to the size of the liver

Question 4

entrance to the kidney is called the

Answer 4

renal hilum

Question 5

the renal pyramids are located within the

Answer 5

renal medulla

Question 6

a renal lobe consists of

Answer 6

renal cortex, renal medulla, and nephrons

Question 7

three distinct layers of tissue that surround each kidney

Answer 7

renal fascia

Question 8

there are three distinct layers that surround the kidney

Answer 8

anchors the kidney to the to the surrounding structures and abdominal wall

Question 9

correct sequence of urine formation in the kidney

Answer 9

pyramidal nephron, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra

Question 10

renal corpuscle is composed of a glomerulus and the

Answer 10

glomerular/bowman’s capsule

Question 11

what section of the nephron comes directly after the ascending limb of the loop of henle?

Answer 11

distal convoluted tubule

Question 12

which of the following should not be found in the glomerular filtrate of healthy individuals

Answer 12

plasma protein

Question 13

which of the following cells forms pedicles that encircle the glomerular capillaries?

Answer 13

podocytes

Question 14

the —— is prominent in the final part of the ascending limb of the loop of henle

Answer 14

macula densa

Question 15

which of the following cells have receptors for the anti diuretic hormone that facilitates water reabsorption

Answer 15

principle cells

Question 16

which of the following correctly describes the function of podocytes

Answer 16

upon contraction, they close filtration slits thus reducing GFR

Question 17

which of the following structures receives urine from the major calyx of the kidney ?

Answer 17

the renal pelvis

Question 18

which of the following structures receives urine from the renal pyramid of the kidney ?

Answer 18

the minor calyx

Question 19

which of the following anatomical surfaces do the kidneys rest against ?

Answer 19

posterior abdominal wall

Question 20

which anatomical structure is considered to be the functional unit of a kidney

Answer 20

nephron

Question 21

which of the following regions contains the majority of the kidneys glomeruli

Answer 21

cortex

Question 22

tubular reabsorption occurs from the nephron tubules into the

Answer 22

peritubular capillaries

Question 23

which section of the renal tubules does the parathyroid hormone affect ?

Answer 23

distal convoluted tubules

Question 24

the kidneys are abundantly supplied with blood vessels, which enters the renal corpuscles first

Answer 24

afferent arterioles

Question 25

the counter current multiplier mechanism occurs at which of the following structures ?

Answer 25

loop of henle

Question 26

which of the following renal functions is correct with respect to the parathyroid hormone ?

Answer 26

increases reabsorption of ca2+

Question 27

which of the following organs can release ANP regarding blood volume

Answer 27

the heart

Question 28

which of the following epithelial cell types is found in the inner most lining of the urinary bladder

Answer 28

transitional epithelium

Question 29

which structure is final structure in the sequence of urine flow

Answer 29

urethra

Question 30

Correct definition of glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure

Answer 30

the pressure within the glomerular capillaries promotes filtration

Question 31

calculate the net filtration pressure given the following values

Answer 31

10mmHg

Question 32

autoregulation occurs within the the kidneys themselves in order to help maintain constant renal blood, which of the following types of regulation is responsible for decreasing glomerular filtration rates ?

Answer 32

both a and c ( tubular glomerular feedback and myogenic mechanism)

Question 33

which of the following occurs when stretching triggers contraction

Answer 33

myogenic mechanism

Question 34

which of the following structures is a small tube leading from the internal urethral sphincter to the exterior

Answer 34

urethra

Question 35

proximal convoluted tubule function

Answer 35

the pct reabsorbs nutrients like glucose, amino acid, vitamins

Question 36

which of the following is the first step in urine formation

Answer 36

glomerular filtration

Question 37

which corresponds to the return of filtered plasma to the blood

Answer 37

tubular reabsorption

Question 38

which is not a function of a nephron

Answer 38

glomerular reabsorption

Question 39

which of the following functions of the nephron and collecting tubules is responsible for eliminating

Answer 39

tubular secretion

Question 40

which is the correct percent of glomerular filtration in a day

Answer 40

99% of the 150-180 liters of fluid filtered in a day

Question 41

which of the following is incorrect in the role of ADH

Answer 41

decrease reabsorption of water into the blood vessels

Question 42

ph range for blood

Answer 42

7.35-7.45

Question 43

------- forces water and most solutes in blood plasma across

Answer 43

blood pressure

Question 44

a 3 year old child has been rewarded with a hug because she is now completely toiled trained. what did she learn to control

Answer 44

external sphincter muscle

Question 45

an increase in carbon dioxide concentration in body fluids increases hydrogen ions concentration and can can make body fluids more ----

Answer 45

decrease, acidic

Question 46

which of the following hormones enhances the reabsorption of NA+ and Cl- in the nephron

Answer 46

A and C (angiotensin 2 and aldosterone)

Question 47

which of the following hormones is released from the adrenal cortex

Answer 47

aldosterone

Question 48

which of the following affects concentration of urine by the kidneys ?

Answer 48

none of the above

Question 49

when dilute urine is being formed the osmolarity of the fluid ----- as it goes down and up the ascending limb, and ------ as it flows through the rest of the nephron and collecting duct

Answer 49

increases, decreases, decreases

Question 50

once in the nephron, glucose can only be reabsorbed into the blood through the

Answer 50

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 51

an elevation of plasma bicarbonate (HC03-) and an increase in blood ph produces

Answer 51

metabolic alkalosis

Question 52

which of the following is incorrect with respect to the renal cystic disease

Answer 52

none of the above

Question 53

which of the following pathologies corresponds to an increase in pco2 and a decrease is plasma

Answer 53

respiratory acidosis

Question 54

which of the following is the scientific term for infectious disorders of the lower urinary tract

Answer 54

cystisis

Question 55

which of the following events can be potential cause of urinary obstruction

Answer 55

all of the above

Question 56

which of the following molecules does not form a type of kidney stones

Answer 56

sodium

Question 57

which of the following conditions is suspected if these symptoms develop, acute side pain, px radiate to lower abdominal quadrant and pelvic area, vomiting and nausea

Answer 57

kidney stones

Question 58

the washout phenomenon most accurately corresponds to the following statement

Answer 58

urine from the bladder normally washes bacteria out of the urethra

Question 59

which of the following is incorrect! with regards to chronic renal failure

Answer 59

chronic renal failure is a reversable disease

Question 60

which of the following body systems is affected by chronic renal failure

Answer 60

all systems of the body are affected