Renal Flashcards
(22 cards)
3 functions of renal system
Filtration
Metabolic
Circulatory
What hormone effects ureter
Progesterone (as ureter smooth muscle, slows down peristalsis)
Why can protein in urine be a symptom of preeclampsia
Because increase in BP forces protein molecules through membrane - usually too big to get through
What does ADH do
Increases absorption of water = less wee (hence anti-diuretic!!)
Calcitonin
More Ca to urine
PTH
More calcium absorbed
What does bilirubin indicate
Liver problem or blood disorder (liver waste if haemoglobin)
What do leucocytes indicate
Kidney problem (membrane) or bladder infection
What does ketones and glucose indicate
Severe diabetes
What sort of test is urinalysis
Screening…. not diagnostic- send off sample for further testing
What is effect of hyperventilation in pregnancy
Metabolic alkalosis due to rise in PH due to increased HCO3 so kidneys need to compensate by excreting more bicarbonate
Kidney endocrine functions (4)
Vitamin D activation
Renin (BP)
Erythropoietin (RBC)
Insulin like growth factor
Circulatory function (2)
Regulate blood volume
Regulate BP
Renal adaptations to pregnancy
Increased renal plasma flow
Increases glomerular filtration rate
Urinary adaptations to pregnancy
Ureteral dilation
Reduced peristalsis
Bladder compression
Why does infection cause need to urinate more
Inflammation of lower bladder will signal fuller than is so need to urinate
Why can epidural lead to urine retention
Blocks sensation
Indicators of Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)
Urine dipstick (blood, wbc, protein)
Dysuria (pain on urination)
Increased urgency/frequency
Fever and other infections signs
UTI prevention (4)
Cotton only underwear (prevent thrush growth)
Front to back wipe (prevent bacteria colonisation)
Good hydration (avoid highly concentrated urine/frequent emptying)
Vit C rich diet (prevent bacterial growth - cranberry juice)
Negatives of full bladder in labour
Prevent fetal descent
Negative full bladder after birth
Prevent uterine contractions leading to bleeding
What can a full bladder be used for as a positive?
Protect presentation in cord prolapse
