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Flashcards in Renal Deck (23)
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1
Q

Renal bicarbonate resorption

A

mediated by contraction of extracellular fluid, hypokalaemia, hypochloraemia, MCC activity

2
Q

polyuria

A
> 3L/day
DI normal to high Na
use water deprivation test
then ADH if does not concentrate to differentiate nephrogenic and cranial DI
psychogenic polydipsia normal to low Na
3
Q

RTA

A

1 distal, stones, pH > 5.5, scleroderma
2 proximal
4 aldosterone resistant

4
Q

diuretic use

A

high HCO3, low Cl-, low Na+, low K+

met alkalosis

5
Q

cushings, conns, addisons

A

cushings, conns - too much - met alkalosis
high Na, high K, low K
addisons - too little - non gap met acidosis
low Na, low H, high K

6
Q

henoch schoenlein

A

IgA, normal complement

7
Q

malabsorption renal stone

A

calcium oxalate
calcium usually binds to oxalate and oxalate is not absorbed
in malabsorption calcium binds to free fatty acids and oxalate is absorbed –> oxaliurea

8
Q

Bartters

A

not hypertensive

NKCC2 mutation / ROMK gene mutation

9
Q

Gitelmans

A

NaCl cotransporter inactivating mutation

10
Q

FeNa

A

< 1% in pre renal AKI

> 1% in renal AKI

11
Q

urinary casts in interstitial nephritis

A

white cell casts, non pigmented granular casts, eosinophils

12
Q

haemostasis in ESRF

A

decreased activity platelet factor 3

renal loss of anticoagulant factors

13
Q

GN immunofluorescence - linear IgG

A
post strep GN
lupus (subendothelial)
GPA (wegeners)
membranous (C3)
Goodpastures
14
Q

subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

biopsy: necrosis with IgG, IgM, C3 deposits

low complement, high Rh factor, cryo

15
Q

Alports

A

congenitally abnormal GBM due to mutation in alpha collagen

a/w sensorineural deafness

16
Q

GN immunofluorescence membranoproliferative

A

membranoproliferative type 1
subendothelial Ig deposits with low C3
type 2 C3; no Ig
low C1, C2, C4 (classical complement components)

17
Q

GN immunofluoresnce membranous

A

subepithelial immune complexes

18
Q

Barters

A
thick ascending limb loop of Henle
high urinary PGE2, calcium
normotensive
met alkalosis
hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia
autosomal recessive
19
Q

Gitelman’s

A
distal tubule
normal urinary PGE2, low calcium
normotensive
met alklalosis
hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemie
autosomal recessive
20
Q

urine chloride

A

< 25 if low volume - past diuretic, vomiting

> 25 otherwise - current diuretic use

21
Q

aldosterone

A

increases production of sodium channels in collecting tubules
SAME - increased aldosterone
Liddles - cannot break down sodium channels

22
Q

cyclosporin dosing

A

interacts with MMF - reduces MMF by 30%

level 2/24 post dose

23
Q

drugs that can be cleared by dialysis

A
BLAST
barbiturates
lithium
alcohol
salicylates
theophylline