Renal 2 Flashcards by Aisha Mujahid

Pseudomonas aerugnosa - in who and whats the rx

catheters/instruments - only ciprofloxacin works

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

rolex formation - chain of RBCs

myeloma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition

myeloma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

positive cong red staining showing green birefringent

amyloidosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 types of renovascular hypertension

fibromuscular dyplasoa - familial

atherosclerosis renovascular - general atherosclerosis present

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

post strep GN

nephrotic syndrome 1-3 weeks after infection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

silver stain

thickened BM in membranous GN

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

treatment of RPGN

steroids, cytoxins, monoclonal ABs, plasma paresis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

frothy urine

3G/day

nephrotic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

increased cholesterol

nephrotic syndrome

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

common causes of nephrotic syndrome

membranous, FCS, minimal change

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

risks of nephrotic syndrome

infections, renal vein thrombosis, volume depletion, Vit D deficiency, subclinical hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

AFP

yolk salk component - never raised in seminoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

HCG

trophoblastic - teratoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

PCAP

seminoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

LDH

tumour load

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

potato appearance

seminoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

rare before puberty (testicular tumour)

seminoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

common in children (testicular tumour)

teratoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is BNH due to and where is it found commonly

oestrogen:androgen ratio

central - periurethral glands

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

risks of BNH

retention

hypertrophy - diverticulum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

treatment of BNH

tamsulosin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

squamous cell carcinoma of penis

uncircumcised, poor hygiene , HPV

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

invasive SCC of penis

red raised penis, fun gating mass, foul smelling

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

commonest prostate cancer

adenocarcinoma

where are the majority of prostate cancers and what age

peripheral zone | over 70s

PSA - sensitivity specificity what is it raised in

90% sensitive 40% specific | DRE, UTI, BNH, cancer, retention, catheter

treatment of prostate cancer

hormone therapy cyproterone, oestrogen radio for bony mets resect

what can RCC secrete

erythropoietin -> polycyctheamia rennin -> hypertension PTH -> hypercalcaemia

what type of TCC is striped

papillary

where do majority of TCC occur

trigone area - can lead to obstruction

angiofibroma is related to what

what has a central scar on XR

cricocytoma

wills tumour is caused by what

residual primitive renal tissue

define AKI

absolute increase in Cr >26.4 increase of Cr by 50% decrease in UO

stages of AKI

1.5-1.9 x reference Cr 2-2.9 x reference Cr 3 x reference, > or equal to 354 or need for RRT 6 consecutive hours 12 hours 2 hours or 12 hours of anuria

indications for HD

hyperkalaemia >7 or >6.5 and unresponsive to medical therapy urea> 40, pericardial rub/effusion acidosis

hyperkalaemia - rx

>5.5 >6.5 life threatening 10ml of 10% calcium gluconate over 10 mins insulin 10 units of act rapid in 50mls of 50% dextrose over 30 mins nebs salbutamol over 90mins calcium resonium

Risk of pre renal AKI

acute tubular necrosis if not treated

treatment of pre renal AKI

fluid rechallange - 0.9% saline over 2 mins - reassess

symptoms of renal AKI

fluid overload uraemia with itch pericarditis oliguria

CKS stages

1.GFR 90 and kidney damage 2. GFR >60-90 and kidney damage 3A. 45-60 3B. 30-44 4. 15-30 5. less than 15

treatment of anaemia | Hb target

IV iron if no improvement then epo by injection Hb target 10.5-12.5

bone disease treatment

alfacalcidol. phosphate

agenesis

absence of 1 or 2 kidneys

alports

SHL x-linked recessive defect of type 3 collagen variable thickness of GM

anderson fibrys disease

fabryzyme enzyme replacement | plasma/leucocyte alpha GAL activity

risks of ADPKD

intracranial aneurysms hypertension diverticulitis colonic perforation cyst infection

treatment of ADPKD

tovaplatan | dialysis

cause of infection in PD

staph. strep. diphtheroids. coliform.

other risk factors of PD

membrane failure - doesn't remove enough h2o | hernias - treat hernia and use smaller volumes

Tunneled catheter infection in HD

if not treated can lead to endocarditis etc treat w vancomycin line removal/exchange

risks of HD

fluid overload, blood leaks, loss of vascular access, hypokalamia and MI, intradialytic hypotension

Stones rx

diclofenic | small - tamsulosin

absence of cremosteric reflex

torsion of spermatic cord

bell clapper deformity

torsion of spermatic cord - collateral side not fixed

treatment of epididymitis

oflaxolin 400mg/day for 14 days

paraphimosis

painful swelling of foreskin | sugar. iced glove. decompress glans, dorsal slit

priapism ischaemic and non ischaemic

prolonged erection ischaemic - decreased blood flow, dark blood non ischaemic - normal/high flow, normal colour arterial blood

fourners gangrene

starts out as cellulitis | XR/US show gas in tissue

flame shaped collection contrast in pelvis

exztraperitoneal bladder injury

suprapubic catheter used when

urethral injury

treatment of urge incontinence

oxybutanin

emphysematous polynephritis

acute necrotising parenchymal and perineal infection E.Coli Diabetics Nephrectomy