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Renal Flashcards

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1
Q

Fluids for hyponatremia if:
1 - Hypovolemic
2- euvolemic

A

1 - NS

2 - D5W +/- diuretics

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2
Q

Fluids for hyponatremia if:
1 - Hypovolemic
2- euvolemic

A

1 - NS

2 - D5W +/- diuretics

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3
Q

Cut-off to use hypertonic saline in hyponatremia?

A
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4
Q

Causes of Hypovolemic hyponatremia with preserved renal function (UNa

A

Diarrhea
Burns
3rd spacing

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5
Q

Causes of Hypovolemic hyponatremia with decreased renal function (UNa >10)?

A 
Diuretics
Urinary Obstruction
Adrenal insufficiency (low aldo)
RTA
Metabolic alkalosis
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6
Q

Causes of Hypervolemic hyponatremia with decreased renal function (UNa >10)?

A

AKI

Chronic kidney disease

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7
Q

Causes of Hypervolemic hyponatremia with preserved renal function (UNa

A

CHF
Cirrhosis
Nephrotic syndrome

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8
Q

Pseudohyponatremia conversion?

A

100mg Gluc = 1.6 Na

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9
Q

Pseudohyponatremia conversion?

A

100mg Gluc = 1.6 Na

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10
Q

Treatment for hyperkalemia WITHOUT EKG changes?

A

Diuretics or kayexelate

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11
Q

Causes of Hypovolemic hyponatremia with preserved renal function (UNa

A

Diarrhea
Burns
3rd spacing

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12
Q

Causes of Hypovolemic hyponatremia with decreased renal function (UNa >10)?

A 
Diuretics
Urinary Obstruction
Adrenal insufficiency (low aldo)
RTA
Metabolic alkalosis
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13
Q

Causes of Hypervolemic hyponatremia with decreased renal function (UNa >10)?

A

AKI

Chronic kidney disease

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14
Q

Causes of Hypervolemic hyponatremia with preserved renal function (UNa

A

CHF
Cirrhosis
Nephrotic syndrome

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15
Q

Causes of Euvolemic hyponatremia with preserved preserved renal concentration Uosm >100?

A

SIADH
Drugs
Hypothyroid
Glucocorticoid deficiency

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16
Q

Pseudohyponatremia conversion?

A

100mg Gluc = 1.6 Na

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17
Q

Proximal RTA?

Association
Complications

Treatment

A

Type 2
Decreased HCO3 reabsorption

Multiple Myeloma, amyloidosis
Rickets Osteomalacia

Thaizides

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18
Q

Treatment for hyperkalemia WITHOUT EKG changes?

A

Diuretics or kayexelate

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19
Q

Bicarb change per pCO2 change in acute and chronic respiratory acidosis and alkalosis?

A

Acute acidosis = 1/10
Chronic acidosis = 1/3
Acute alkalosis = 1/5
Chronic alkalosis = 1/2

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20
Q

Winters formula?

What is it used for?

Study These Flashcards
A

pCO2 = (1.5 x HCO3 +8) +/-2

Determine if metabolic acidosis is compensated by respiratory rate

21
Q

Compensated Metabolic alkalosis formula?

Study These Flashcards
A

change in pCO2 = change in HCO3 x 0.6

22
Q

Anion gap formula?

Study These Flashcards
A

Na - (HCO3- + Cl-) = 8-12

23
Q

Anion gap metabolic acidosis causes?

Study These Flashcards
A 
MUDPILES
Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Paraldehyde
INH or isoniazide, Iron
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates
24
Q

Distal RTA?

Association
Complications

Treatment

Study These Flashcards
A

Type 1
Decreased H+ secretion

Autoimmune diseases
Nephrolithiasis

Bicarb replacement

25
Proximal RTA? Association Complications Treatment
Type 2 Decreased HCO3 reabsorption Multiple Myeloma, amyloidosis Rickets Osteomalacia Thaizides
26
Nephritic/Nephrotic disease with low complement?
SLE Post-streptococcal HCV cryoglobinemia (Membranoproliferative I) Membranoproliferative type 2
27
Palpable purpura GI pain Arthralgias?
HSP (IgA)
28
IgE Pulmoary infiltrates Asthma Nephritic syndrome? Which ANCA marker?
Churg Strauss pANCA
29
GPA vs MPA?
GPA = Granulomas, cANCA, Sinus involvement Both = pulmonary and renal MPA = pANCA
30
Hemosiderin filled macrophages in sputum + Nephritis?
Anti-GBM (Goodpastures)
31
5 yo with nephritis + deaf + blind?
Alport Syndrome
32
Lumpy-bumpy immunoflorescnes?
Post-strep
33
Elevated ASO, anti-DNAase?
Post -strep
34
African American HIV IV drugs Nephrotic syndrome?
FSGS
35
Nephrotic syndrome + HBV, solid tumors?
Membranous nephropathy
36
Spike and dome basement membrane deposits?
IgG C3 deposits in membranous nephropathy
37
Increased Mesangial matrix + nodular sclerosis?
DM nephropathy
38
Tram track double basement membrane?
Type 1 Membranoproliferative
39
Dense deposits intramembranous?
Type 2 Membranoproliferative | C3 nephritic factor
40
Dietary changes for normal kidney stones?
``` Low Protein (phosphate) Low sodium ```
41
Elevated pALP in testicular CA?
Seminoma (most common)
42
Elevated AFP in testicular CA?
Yolk sac(Endodermal)
43
Elevated bHCG in testicular CA?
Choriocarcinoma
44
Meds that cause Hyperkalemia?
``` ACEI, ARB, K-sparing Bb Cyclosporine (blocks Aldo) Digitalis Heparin (blocks aldo) NSAIDs Trimethoprim (Blocks Na channels) ```
45
Undecended tests increase risk of?
Cancer | Torsion
46
Scaly rash along hairline of child?
Seborrheic Dermatitis
47
Chlorthalidone s/e?
Thiazides (low K/Na, Hi Ca, Low mag) GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE
48
MOA of anti-cholinergic urinary retention?
Detrusor inactivation

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