Renal Flashcards
(24 cards)
Where in the nephron does most reabsorption take place?
PCT (Proximal Convoluted Tubule)
Where is ADH synthesized?
Hypothalamus
What part of the nephron is variably permeable to water?
DCT because of aldosterone and ADH
Describe the structure of the filtration membrane
- Has glomerular endothelial cells
- Has basal lamina
- Filtration slits
Where does secretion occur in the nephron?
PCT, DCT, collecting ducts
Where in the nephron does most reabsorption take place?
PCT
What substances are filtered?
Solutes
Plasma proteins
What part of the nephron will be stimulated by ADH?
DCT
What parts of the nephron are always permeable to water?
PCT and descending limb
What does Angiotensin II do?
Stimulates constriction of both afferent and efferent arterioles
What part of the nephron is always impermeable to water?
Ascending limb
How does aldosterone affect secretion?
Increases Na+ and water reabsorption
Stimulates kidneys to reabsorb K+ and H+ ions secretion into urine
How does aldosterone affect reabsorption?
Reabsorb more Sodium and water
Where is ADH released?
Posterior pituitary gland
What stimulates the secretion of aldosterone?
Angiotensin II
In the presence of ADH, will urine become hypertonic or hypotonic?
Hypertonic
Trace the blood supply through the kidney.
Blood supply into and out of the kidneys progresses to the cortex through renal arteries to segmental, lobar, interlobar, arcuate, And cortical radiate, arcuate, and interlobar veins.
The renal plexus regulates renal bloodflow by adjusting the diameter of renal arterioles and influencing the urine forming role of the nephrons.
Describe the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
The juxtaglomerular apparatus is a structural arrangement between the afferent Arterial in the distal convoluted tubule that forms granular cells and macula densa cells.
Describe the forces that promote or counteract glomerular filtration.
Glomerular filtration is passive.
The glomerular filtration rate is the volume of filtrate formed each minute by all the glomeruli of the kidneys combined.
Compare the intrinsic an extra in sick controls of the glomerular filtration rate.
GFR is held relatively constant through intrinsic auto regulatory mechanisms, and Extrinsic hormonal and neural mechanisms.
Extrinsic neural mechanisms are stress induced sympathetic responses that inhibit filtrate formation by constricting the afferent arterioles
Define renal clearance.
Renal clearance refers to the volume of plasma that is cleared of a specific substance in a given time.
Describe the normal physical properties of urine.
Is pale-deep yellow
Slightly aromatic
Higher specific gravity than water
Describe the chemical properties of urine
95% water
5% solutes
List several abnormal urine components and name the condition characterized by the presence of detectable amounts of each
Glucose - Glycosuria, caused by diabetes Melitis
