Renal

Question 1

Where in the nephron does most reabsorption take place?

Answer 1

PCT (Proximal Convoluted Tubule)

Question 2

Where is ADH synthesized?

Answer 2

Hypothalamus

Question 3

What part of the nephron is variably permeable to water?

Answer 3

DCT because of aldosterone and ADH

Question 4

Describe the structure of the filtration membrane

Answer 4

1. Has glomerular endothelial cells
2. Has basal lamina
3. Filtration slits

Question 5

Where does secretion occur in the nephron?

Answer 5

PCT, DCT, collecting ducts

Question 6

Where in the nephron does most reabsorption take place?

Answer 6

PCT

Question 7

What substances are filtered?

Answer 7

Solutes

Plasma proteins

Question 8

What part of the nephron will be stimulated by ADH?

Answer 8

DCT

Question 9

What parts of the nephron are always permeable to water?

Answer 9

PCT and descending limb

Question 10

What does Angiotensin II do?

Answer 10

Stimulates constriction of both afferent and efferent arterioles

Question 11

What part of the nephron is always impermeable to water?

Answer 11

Ascending limb

Question 12

How does aldosterone affect secretion?

Answer 12

Increases Na+ and water reabsorption

Stimulates kidneys to reabsorb K+ and H+ ions secretion into urine

Question 13

How does aldosterone affect reabsorption?

Answer 13

Reabsorb more Sodium and water

Question 14

Where is ADH released?

Answer 14

Posterior pituitary gland

Question 15

What stimulates the secretion of aldosterone?

Answer 15

Angiotensin II

Question 16

In the presence of ADH, will urine become hypertonic or hypotonic?

Answer 16

Hypertonic

Question 17

Trace the blood supply through the kidney.

Answer 17

Blood supply into and out of the kidneys progresses to the cortex through renal arteries to segmental, lobar, interlobar, arcuate, And cortical radiate, arcuate, and interlobar veins.

The renal plexus regulates renal bloodflow by adjusting the diameter of renal arterioles and influencing the urine forming role of the nephrons.

Question 18

Describe the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

Answer 18

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is a structural arrangement between the afferent Arterial in the distal convoluted tubule that forms granular cells and macula densa cells.

Question 19

Describe the forces that promote or counteract glomerular filtration.

Answer 19

Glomerular filtration is passive.

The glomerular filtration rate is the volume of filtrate formed each minute by all the glomeruli of the kidneys combined.

Question 20

Compare the intrinsic an extra in sick controls of the glomerular filtration rate.

Answer 20

GFR is held relatively constant through intrinsic auto regulatory mechanisms, and Extrinsic hormonal and neural mechanisms.

Extrinsic neural mechanisms are stress induced sympathetic responses that inhibit filtrate formation by constricting the afferent arterioles

Question 21

Define renal clearance.

Answer 21

Renal clearance refers to the volume of plasma that is cleared of a specific substance in a given time.

Question 22

Describe the normal physical properties of urine.

Answer 22

Is pale-deep yellow

Slightly aromatic

Higher specific gravity than water

Question 23

Describe the chemical properties of urine

Answer 23

95% water

5% solutes

Question 24

List several abnormal urine components and name the condition characterized by the presence of detectable amounts of each

Answer 24

Glucose - Glycosuria, caused by diabetes Melitis