Renal

Question 1

Pre-renal and post-renal diseases can cause renal changes.

T/F?

Answer 1

True

Question 2

oseodystrophy associated with renal diseases

Answer 2

jaw - rubber jaw

flat bones

Question 3

soft tissue calcification metastatic v. dystrophic

Answer 3

meta - inc. calcium -> deposits

dystrophic - damage -> calcification

Question 4

how to know if ulceration is chronic or acute?

Answer 4

redness - active hemorrhage

chronic - raised rounded edge (trying to epithelialize)

Question 5

mineralization of aorta/endocardium

Answer 5

• uremia
• dystrophic
• metastatic (hyper PTism, granulomatous, lymphoma)

Question 6

nodular, small, pale kidneys (fatty looking) differentials

Answer 6

• fibrosis (think anything small and pale)

Question 7

fibrosis

Answer 7

small and pale

Question 8

uremic pneumonitis

Answer 8

affects alveoli (not full pneumonia)
mineralization

Question 9

small kidney
big kidney
not there

Answer 9

hypoplasia
renomegally (hyperplasia)
aplasia

Question 10

pale streaks in renal medula

Answer 10

fibrosis
mineralization
inflammation (nephritis)

Question 11

progressive juvenile nephropathy

Answer 11

progressive renal fibrosis in young dogs, hereditary

Question 12

polycystic kidney disease, pathogenesis?

Answer 12

related to PKD1 gene

Question 13

Polycystic kidneys vs. renal cyst

Answer 13

widespread numerous - poly

a couple cysts - incidental in cats

Question 14

Multifocal hemorrhages of cortex kidney

pathogenesis?

Answer 14

1. septic emboli
2. DIC
3. congenital disorder
4. toxins causes vasculitis (herpes virus)

trauma (unlikely to be multifocal)

Question 15

Mitral valve endocarditis ->

friable mass in heart -> kidney consequences

Answer 15

bacterial emboli
->glomerulonephritis

Also some infarcts

Question 16

typical infarct

Answer 16

dark red triangle
acute - red (unless ischemic)
chronic - pale, raised, edges CONTRACTED in (cavitated)

Question 17

acute hemorrhagic vs. acute ischemic infarct

Answer 17

red vs.

pale with red line around it

Question 18

how long does fibrosis take

Answer 18

2 weeks (10-14days)

Question 19

part of kidney is pale/enlarged

& part is normal red

Answer 19

fluid accumulation (tubule blockage) edema

Question 20

renal cortical necrosis

Answer 20

bilateral
g neg septicemia/endotoxemia
severe hypovolemia /renal shutown

Question 21

renal papillary necrosis

Answer 21

= medullary crest necrosis - ischemic lesion

• medullary amylloidosis
• pyelitis
• renal calculi
• obstructive pressure
• NSAIDs

Question 22

tubular necrosis

Answer 22

1. Ischemic - basement membrane destroyed - SCARRING -> fibrosis
2. toxic - may leave BM intact - may heal

Question 23

signs of tubular necrosis

Answer 23

uremic, oliguric, anuric renal failure

Question 24

tubular necrosis lesions

Answer 24

acute

- swollen, pale

Question 25

pale swollen kidney

Answer 25

tubular necrosis glomerular nephritis hydronephrosis toxins

Question 26

streaking in cortex

Answer 26

inflammation | mineralization

Question 27

hemoglobinuric nephrosis mechanism? | looks like?

Answer 27

intravasular necrosis whole kidney is black

Question 28

glomerular damage leads to what?

Answer 28

proteinuria | - basement membrane damaged

Question 29

immune complex glomerular nephritis net result?

Answer 29

chronic infections/antigen basement membrane compromised!

Question 30

little red dots multifocal/miliary on cortex surface vs. larger raised tan

Answer 30

acute glomerular nephritis (swollen smooth pale) vs. chronic (shrunken granular thin)

Question 31

what is a cyst?

Answer 31

tubule got blocked, got bigger

Question 32

put iodine on kidney

Answer 32

to see glomeruli | for renal amyloidosis

Question 33

renal amyloidosis also causes

Answer 33

PLN papillary necrosis due to ischemia uremia tubular atrophy

Question 34

hematogenous changes | vs. ascending infection

Answer 34

random multifocal | radial changes

Question 35

multifocal nodules differentials

Answer 35

- neoplasia | - nephritis (granulomatous, fungal, FIP)

Question 36

pyelonephritis

Answer 36

exudate! | can lead to necrosis/radial streaks

Question 37

hydronephrosis

Answer 37

dilated pelvis, medulla gone

Question 38

primary renal neoplasia

Answer 38

SINGLE nodules | vs. metastatic can be multiple nodules

Question 39

types of cystitis

Answer 39

1. polypoid cystitis - calculi, chronic trauma 2. follicular - bacterial infection 3. empysemitous cystitis - diabetes