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2MB: disease summaries > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

What is AKI + how to treat

A 
Reduced GFR in 24 hrs
Reduced output (<0.5/ 6hrs)
Increased creatinine (>50%)

Management:
Give saline
Ca gluconate, insulin and dextrose to protect heart

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2
Q

CKD: define and treat

A 
Decrease in GFR over 90 days
I: >90 w damage
II: 60-90 w damage
III: 30-60
IV: 15-30

Manage:
Lifestyle (salt and fluid restriction)
ACEis/ARBs
NaHCO3
Phosphate binders
ferrocarboxylase
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3
Q

Indications for dialysis

A

K+ >7 or 6.5 w treatment
Pericardial rub/effusion
pH < 7.15

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4
Q

Whats the risk with peritoneal dialysis?

A

Peritonitis

Treat with vancomycin and gentamicin

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5
Q

Why is haemodialysis considered safer?

A

Avoids dysequilibrium syndrome

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6
Q

Acute loin to groin pain
Colicky pain
Sweating

A

Renal stones
Investigate:
CT-KUB

Management:
-Diclofenac
small: Tamsulosin
Large: Percutaneous nephrostomy

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7
Q

Whats the most common form of renal stone?

A

Caclium oxalate

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8
Q

What does a ‘staghorn’ calculi indicate?

A

UTI

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9
Q

Proteinuria (1-3g)
Oedema
albumin <30

A

Nephrotic syndrome

Investigate:
Lipid in urine

Management:

  • Fluid and salt restriction
  • Diuretics
  • Albumin if decreased volume
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10
Q

Hamaturia

A

Nephritic syndrome

Treat cause

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11
Q

Kids

EM shows podocytes

A

Minimal change

Steroids and cyclophosphamides

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12
Q

Adults
C3 on immunofluorescence
loss of loops and sclerotic membrane

A

Focal segmental

Steroids

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13
Q

Infections
PLAR2
Thickened GBM
Basement membrane complexes

A

Membranous
6 months ACEis
Steroids and cyclophosphamide

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14
Q

IgA deposits
Macroscopic haematuria
Increasesd cells and matrix
Incrased BP

A

IgA nephropathy

Steroids and cyclophosphamide

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15
Q

ANCA +ve/-ve

nephritic

A 
Rapidly progressive: 
c-ANCA: Steroids and cyclophosphamide
p-ANCA: MPA
anti-GBM + linear immuno: GPS
Steroids and cyclophosphamide
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16
Q

Haematuria following strep infection
Smoky urine
oedema
lumpy bumpy complex

A

Post strep

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17
Q

Massive bilateral enlargement

Renal symptoms and polycythemia

A

AD polycystic kidney disease
PKD1 gene

Investigate: US then CT/MRI

Management:
tolvaptan
lithotripsy for stones

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18
Q

Children
Bilateral enlargement
Slow decline in eGFR

A

AR kidney disease
PK1HD
US at pregnancy @ 20 weeks
Transplant

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19
Q

Renal symptoms
Sensorineural deafness
anterior lens dislocation

Study These Flashcards
A

Allports syndrome
X-linked 4 collagen
Biopsy shows thickened membrane
Manage symptoms

20
Q

Angiokeratomas

Cardio and neuro problems

Study These Flashcards
A

Anderson-Fabrys
X-lined a galactosidase
Fabryzyme

21
Q

Fibrosis of tubules of imaging

family history

Study These Flashcards
A

Medullary cystic kidney

Transplant

22
Q

Sponge appearance on imaging

Study These Flashcards
A

Medullary sponge kidney

Excretion nephropathy

23
Q

Tumour
Fluffy
Stellate central scar

24
Q

Tumour

Bright echo on USS

Study These Flashcards
A

Angiomyolipoma

Embolise/partial nephrectomy

25
Bright yellow surface Heterogenous VHL loss Renal vein and PNPS association
Clear cel
26
Finger like | multifocal
Papillary
27
Raisinoid nuclei | Perinuclear halo
Chromophobe
28
Desmoplastic stroma
Collecting duct
29
Young | Sickle cell
Medullary
30
Gross haematuria following abdo trauma
Bladder injury Investigation: CT cystography If blood at meatus/no catheter (retrograde urethrogram)
31
How to investigate urethral injury
retrograde urethrogram
32
Loin pain haematuria mass
Suspect cancer Small: watch/ablate >3cm: Nephrectomy Bloods and imaging as follow up
33
Suprapubic pain Increased urine frequency Haematuria Been on honeymoon/cathetr in
UTI Tends to be coliforms (E.Coli) 'staghorn/foul smell: proteus Investigate: Dipstick shows WBCs and nitrites Midstream culture kAss > 105 in childbearing ``` Treament: Uncomplicated; Nitrofuratoin/trimethoprim Complicated llower/ pyelo: GP/catheter: Co trimox/co-amox Hospital; Amox + gent ```
34
Peeing on sneezing coughing
Stress incontinence (increased pressure) Investigations: Urodynamic Management: Exercises and lifestyle
35
Always needing to go Incompleteness Fullness
Urge incontinence Pelvic floor Oxybutin Mirabegnon
36
Pain Hard to urinate History of BPH
``` Acute retention Investigation: urogram and cystoscopy Management: Catheterise Tamsulosin If clots: 3 way catheter ```
37
Man who worked in dye industry and smoked a lot Suprapubic pain painless haematuria recurrent UTIs
Bladder cancer (Usually transitional cell but can be squamous) Investigations: CT halo sign Management: lower: cystectomy Upper: intravesical chemo
38
Bell clapper deformity Adolescent Pain at night
Testicular torsion -ve cremasteric reflex D-US 2/3 point fixation
39
Undescended testes, HIV | Slow growing mass in balls
``` Testicular cancer Seminoma: potato non-seminomatous: More aggressive Increased PLAP a feto if yolk sac Bhcg if trophoblast ``` Treatment: Orchidectomy Radio if semino, chemo if not
40
Hard painless lump on dick | SCC/BCC appearance
Penile cancer Imaging of lower abdomen circumcise/resurface/glansectomy/penilectomy lymphadenectomy
41
Swelled foreskin following catherisation
Paraphimosis Iced glove Granulated sugar puncture skin
42
Erection > 48 hrs
Priaprism Isch: Compartment syndrome NI: trauma Investigations: Aspirate blood and colour duplex Management: aspirate Phenylephrine (NI)
43
'Bag of worms' in balls | Valsalva makes it pulsate
Variocoele | US to check further up as could be malignancy sign
44
Incomplete dribbling weak stream Straining
BPH (hormonal imbalances increases central and peripheral zones) Investigate: PR PSA Rx: Tamsolusin finasteride TURP
45
Asymptomatic Raised PSA Craggy mass on PR
Prostate cancer (adenocarcinoma thats mutlifocal and affects peripheries) TRUS biopsy Management: Conservative 5 a reductase Cancer treatment

2MB: disease summaries (10 decks)

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