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Renal Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

CKD

- imaging

A
  • US: bilateral small kidneys = CKD
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2
Q

CKD

- RF

A
  • HTN
  • AA
  • DM
  • NSAID use
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3
Q

Hypercalcemia of malignancy

- treatment

A
  • aggressive hydration

- IV bisphosphonates to inhibit ca release from bone

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4
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

- features

A

NAPHROTIC

  • Na decrease
  • Albumin decrease
  • Proteinuria >3.5 / day
  • Hyperlipidemia
  • Renal vein thrombosis
  • Orbital edema
  • Thromboembolism
  • Infection (loss of Ig in urine)
  • Coagulability (loss antithrombin III in urine)
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5
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

- UA

A
  • fatty casts (pathognomonic), “maltese cross”
  • lipiduria (sudsy or foamy urine)
  • > 3 g protein per day
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6
Q

Nephrotic syndomre

- tx

A
  • increase daily protein intake
  • ACE/ARB
  • salt restriction
  • thiazide/loop diuretic for edema
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7
Q

Hydronephrosis

- overview

A

distention of renal calyces and pelvis due to obstruction of distal urine flow

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8
Q

Hydronephrosis

- Causes

A
  • urolithiasis
  • BPH
  • bladder outlet obstruction
  • prostate carcinoma
  • bladder prolapse
  • neoplasms
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9
Q

Hydronephrosis

- dx

A

renal US initial test

  • IV pyelography
  • CT scan
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10
Q

hypokalemia on EKG

A
  • flattened T wave

- prominent U wave (after t wave)

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11
Q

Sodium correction in hyperglycemia

A
  • add 1.6 mEq/L for every 100 mg/dL glucose >100
    OR
    measured sodium + 1.6 (serum glucose - 100)
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12
Q

common cause of hypomagnesemia

A

malnutrition

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13
Q

Glomerulonephritis

- s/sx

A 
Top three:
1- hematuria
2- proteinuria
3- RBC casts **
- HTN
- edema
- CHF 2/2 volume overload
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14
Q

MC type kidney cancer

A

renal cell carcinoma

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15
Q

Renal cell carcinoma

- cells originates from

A

epithelial cells of PCT

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16
Q

Renal cell carcinoma

- RF

A
  • cigs
  • obesity
  • prolonged anti-inflammatory use
  • HTN
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17
Q

Renal cell carcinoma

- clinical

A
  • flank pain
  • flank mass
  • hematuria
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18
Q

Renal cell carcinoma

- dx

Study These Flashcards
A
  • XR: solid, irregular or lobulated border mass that distort renal contour
19
Q

Renal cell carcinoma

- mgmt

Study These Flashcards
A
  • radical/partial nephrectomy
20
Q

Initial treatment for severe hyperkalemia

21
Q

Hyperkalemia

- MCC

Study These Flashcards
A

decreased excretion

22
Q

Hyperkalemia

- RF

Study These Flashcards
A
  • renal impairment
  • DM
  • K-sparking diuretics, NSAIDs, ACE
23
Q

Hyperkalemia

- causes

Study These Flashcards
A
  • RF
  • increased intake
  • shift from intracellular to extracellular
24
Q

Hyperkalemia

- clinical

Study These Flashcards
A
  • mostly asx
  • ## sx related to cardiac and msk function, mc fatigue and weakness
25
Hyperkalemia | - treatment
- Calcium** - insulin with dextrose, albuterol, bicarb - furosemide or dialysis
26
Acute interstitial nephritis | - MCC
- meds (NSAIS, PCN, PPI) | - infection
27
Acute interstitial nephritis | - overview
causes AKI dt immune-mediated tubulointerstitial injury
28
Acute interstitial nephritis | - dx
- eosinophiluria in pt with AKI (indicates allergic reaction)
29
Polycystic Kidney Disease | - overview
- autosomal dominant | - 50% ESRD by age 60
30
Polycystic Kidney Disease | - dx
- 30-59 with 2+ cysts on US or CT bilaterally highly likely | - genetic testing to confirm
31
Polycystic Kidney Disease | - clinical
- abdominal / flank pain - hx hematuria - renal infection - nephrolithiasis - HTN
32
Polycystic Kidney Disease | - other risks
- cerebral aneurysm - MV prolapse - Aortic aneurysm - Aortic valve abnl - colonic diveticula
33
Polycystic Kidney Disease | - mgmt
- no cure - aggressive HTN mgmt with ACE/ARB - low-protein diet - pain control, infection control - dialysis or transplant
34
Renal artery stenosis | - dx
- intimal: CTA or renal angiography | - gadolinium-enhanced MRA if decreased renal fn
35
Renal artery stenosis | - mgmt
- ACE/ARB | - revascularization
36
Anion gap calculation
Na - (Cl + bicarb) | nl: 3-11
37
Anion gap metabolic acidosis
MUDPILES - methanol - uremia - DKA - paraldehyde - Iron, Isoniazid - Lactic acidosis - Ethylene glycol - Salicylates
38
What other electrolyte disorder is associated with hypokalemia
hypomagnesemia
39
Hyponatremia | - pt with neuro sx = what treatment
- hypertonic saline (3%) 100 ml bolus over 10 min
40
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) | - leads to what
#1 cause of AKI
41
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) | - caused by what
decreased blood flow to kidney, usu 2/2 drop in blood pressure = renal tubule ischemia = necrosis
42
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) | - Urine microcopy
- muddy brown cellular casts - fine gradual casts - renal tubular epithelial cells
43
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) | - labs
- BUN/Cr < 20 - FeNa >2% * * both indicate renal injury
44
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) | - MC meds that cause
- NSAIDs | - ACE / ARB

EORs (9 decks)

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