Renal

Question 1

where do loop diuretics act?

Answer 1

Ascending Limb loop of hence

Question 2

where do potassium spring diuretics act?

Answer 2

Cortical Collecting Ducts

Question 3

where do thiazide diuretics act?

Answer 3

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Question 4

where does reabsorption occur in the kidney?

Answer 4

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Question 5

what substances are commonly reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 5

Glucose, amino acids, phosphate, K+, H20

99%

Question 6

how much of the resting cardiac output do the kidneys receive?

Answer 6

25%

Question 7

what substance gives the most accurate measurement of GFR?

Answer 7

Inulin

Question 8

what substances gives the most accurate measurement of renal perfusion?

Answer 8

Paraaminohipuric acid

Question 9

Where does filtration primarily occur?

Answer 9

Glomerulus

Question 10

where is renin produced?

Answer 10

Juxtaglomerular cells

Question 11

where does the majority of sodium reabsorption occur?

Answer 11

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 12

what is the major site of glucose reabsorption

Answer 12

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 13

where is sodium reabsorbed in the kidney?

Answer 13

Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
Ascending loop of henle

Question 14

does atrial natriuretic peptide promote renal vasodilation or renal vasoconstriction?

Answer 14

renal vasodilation

Question 15

the distal convoluted tubule acts to reabsorb sodium under the action of which hormone?

Answer 15

aldosterone

Question 16

in a nephrectomy which is ligated first - the renal artery or renal vein?

Answer 16

Renal artery ligated first, Renal vein ligated second, avoid congestion of the kidney

Question 17

which incision is used to the lower pole of the kidney?

Answer 17

Flank incision

Question 18

Which incision is used for lesions of the upper pole of the kidney?

Answer 18

Thoracolumbar approach

Question 19

which part of the duodenum is an anterior relation to the right kidney?

Answer 19

2nd part

Question 20

on which two muscles does the kidney lie?

Answer 20

Psoas Major

Quadratus Lumborum

Question 21

into how many arteries does the renal artery divide at the renal hilum?

Answer 21

5

Question 22

which part of the small intestine is anteriorly related to the left kidney?

Answer 22

Jejunum

Question 23

the right renal artery passes anterior or posterior to the inferior vena cava?

Answer 23

Posteriorly

Question 24

renal cancer presents with which type of metastases?

Answer 24

Hypervascular

Question 25

where is angiotensin converting enzyme produces?

Answer 25

Lung | Kidney

Question 26

which of angiotensin I or angiotensin II controls renal blood flow?

Answer 26

Angiotensin II

Question 27

how are T1 renal cancers managed?

Answer 27

Partial nephrectomy

Question 28

Should renal biopsy be performed prior to nephrectomy in suspected renal cancer?

Answer 28

No

Question 29

in a patient with completely resected disease for renal cancer should adjuvant chemotherapy be given?

Answer 29

No

Question 30

for which type of renal cancer is nephrourectomy mandatory?

Answer 30

Transitional cell ca of kidney

Question 31

aldosterone exhibits what effect on the kidney?

Answer 31

Na + H20 conservation and K loss in the distal tubule

Question 32

where is the predominant site of potassium reabsorption in the kidney?

Answer 32

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 33

what is the predominant site of potassium loss in the kidney?

Answer 33

Collecting duct | sodium absorption at the expense of potassium loss

Question 34

which channel is inhibited by loop diuretics?

Answer 34

Na+/K+ 2Cl - carrier | Ascending limb loop of henle

Question 35

which channel is inhibited by thiazide directs?

Answer 35

Na+Cl- carrier | DCT

Question 36

which channel is inhibited by spironolactone?

Answer 36

Na+/K+ ATP ase pump | cortical collecting tubule

Question 37

what is the role of atrial natriuetic peptide?

Answer 37

Reduce plasma volume

Question 38

is the right renal artery anterior or posterior to the IVC?

Answer 38

posterior

Question 39

does plasma acidosis stimulate or inhibit aldosterone release?

Answer 39

Stimulate

Question 40

does hyperkalaemia stimulate or inhibit aldosterone release?

Answer 40

Stimulate

Question 41

Does hypotension stimulate or inhibit aldosterone release?

Answer 41

Stimulate

Question 42

where are the macula densa cells located?

Answer 42

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 43

what effect do ACE inhibitors have on the arterioles in the kidney?

Answer 43

Efferent arteriolar dilatation