Renal Flashcards
(26 cards)
what is the definitive embryological origin of the kidneys
metanephros
which part of the kidney releases renin
granular cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus
where is the majority of glucose reabsorbed in the kidney
proximal convoluted tubule
which parts of the kidney does eplerenone work on
Collecting duct
loop diuretics increase/decrease chance of calcium renal stones
increase because they cause calciuria
how can you divide causes of AKI
pre renal
renal
post renal
causes of pre renal AKI
hypotension hypovolaemia heart failure sepsis haemorrhage dehydration
causes of renal AKI
glomerulonephritides
drugs
toxins
AKI stages
- 3.
AKI stages
- 3.
what drugs do you stop in AKI
metformin NSAIDs ACEI ARBs diuretics trimethoprim gentamicin
nephrotoxic drugs
metformin NSAIDs ACEI ARBs diuretics trimethoprim gentamicin CT contrast
nephrotoxic drugs
metformin NSAIDs ACEI ARBs diuretics trimethoprim gentamicin CT contrast
cause of diffuse infiltrates on CXR after starting a new antihypertensive
renal artery stenosis
atherosclerosis
ACEI affect efferent arterioles causing a backflow of fluid and can cause a flash pulmonary oedema
which antibiotic is contraindicated in G6PD deficiency in UTI
nitrofurantoin is contraindicated
therefore use trimethoprim
difference between pre renal AKI and ATN
pre renal AKI - reduced perfusion but kidney is normal and still able to hold onto Na and so urinary Na is low
ATN - kidney is damaged and so is unable to do this and so has high urinary Na with brown sediment (necrosis)
which glomerulonephritis causes nephrotic syndrome in adults
focal segmental disease
epithelial crescents in the Bowmans capsule
rapidly progressive GN
- GPA
- EGPA
- GPS
- immune complexes: SLE
imaging investigation of choice for pyelonephritis
ultrasound in 6 hours
what is pyonephrosis
pus in the renal pelvis
management of hydronephrosis
nephrostomy tube
indications of renal replacement therapy
AEIOU acidosis electrolytes: K>7 Intoxicants - BLAST - Barbituraites - Lithium Overload Uraemia
management of hyperkalaemia
calcium gluconate to protect the heart
insulin to actually lower the K
most common cause of CKD
DM
