Renal anatomy Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
Kidneys location
A
retroperitoneally, in lumbar region
2
Q
Upper poles
A
12 thoracic
3
Q
Lower poles
A
3rd lumbar
4
Q
Hili lie at
A
transpyloric plane opposite 1stlumbar vertebra
5
Q
Kidneys relation
A
anteriorly to peritoneum and abdominal organs
6
Q
Right kidneys relations
A
liver, hepatic flexure, descending part of the duodenum, and adrenal gland
7
Q
Left kidneys relations
A
to splenic flexure, stomach, pancreas, jejunum, spleen and adrenal
8
Q
Posteriorly to muscles on posterior abdominal wall
A
psoas major, quadratus lumborum, transversus abdominis and diaphragm
9
Q
Surrounds each kidney but easily stripped off
A
Renal capsule/ True capsule-Surrounds
10
Q
Helps keep the kidney in its correct location
A
Adipose capsule or perirenal fat
11
Q
derived from fascia transversalis
A
Renal fascia of Gerota
12
Q
Inbetween layers of gerotas fascia
A
Gerotas space
13
Q
Anterior layer of gerotas spacia fuses with the opposite side and blends with walls of
A
renal blood vessels, aorta and vena cava
14
Q
posterior layer blends of gerotas spacia
A
fascia of psoas and quadratus lumborum ms
15
Q
Posterior and anterior layer of derotas spacia Fused superiorly and form separate compartment for
A
Adrenal gland
16
Q
consist of structures at the Hilus namely renal vessels, ureters and nerves
A
Renal pedicle
17
Q
Cushioning effect of the adjacent organs
A
Renal pedicle
18
Q
Medial concave margin called
A
Hilus
19
Q
hilus leading to a cavity
A
Renal sinus
20
Q
Within sinus lie the
A
renal pelvis, calyces and the renal blood vessels
21
Q
Parenchyma consists of
A
Cortex and medulla
22
Q
Sinus is lined by
A
fibrous membrane continuous with the true capsule and fibrous coats of the vessels and collecting system
23
Q
Medulla–consists of subdivisions called
A
Renal pyramids
24
Q
Between the pyramids are the
A
Renal olumn of bertini
25
Bases of the pyramids are directed towards cortex and apices called
Renal papilla
26
Tips of the papilla are perforated and are called
Cribosa
27
refers to the subcapsular zone of cortex
Cortex cortices
28
portion of the cortex between pyramids and cortex
Cortical arches
29
radially directed striations representing bundles of tubules
Medullary rays
30
refers to the kidney parenchyma served by one papilla: one renal pyramid and its overlying cortex
Renal lobe
31
refers to the meddullary ray with the immediately associated cortical tissue
Renal lobule
32
constitute the tubular functional unit of the kidney
Uriniferous tubules
33
secretory part concerned with urine formation
Nephron
34
concentrates urinary solute to form a hypertonic urine
Collecting tubules
35
receives renal papilla
Minor calyces
36
Formed by the union of minor calyces
Major calyces
37
formed by union of major calyces: funnel shaped structure occupying renal sinus and represents the expanded beginning of the ureter
Renal pelvis
38
Both renal arteries arise from the
Aorta
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both renal veins drain into the
IVC
40
The kidneys consume ___% of the heart’s cardiac output
20
41
The arteries generally lie __________ to the vein within the renal hilum
Posterior
42
The renal pelvis is generally ____________ to the vessels
Inferoposterior
43
The right renal artery is _________ than the left
Longer
44
The right renal vein is __________ than the left
Shorter
45
The right renal artery crosses the IVC __________
Posteriorly
46
The left renal vein crosses the aorta___________
Anteriorly
47
The renal artery branches into the
Anterior and posterior segmental artery
48
4 additional segmental arteries
Apical, upper, middle, lower
49
ascend between the pyramids and renal columns ( no branches to the renal parenchyma
Interlobar artery
50
located at the corticomedullary junction
Arcuate artery
51
lie between medullary rays
Interlobular artery
52
going to the renal glomeruli
Afferent arteriole
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Lhympatics of the kidneys
Interaortocavaland and paracaval and para-aortic
54
Afferent fibers travel thru renal plexus and enter spinal cord in the
X, XI, XII thoracic spinal spinal nerves
55
Conveys urine produced in the kidney to the bladder through
Peristaltic motion
56
Thick walled muscular ducts with a lumen that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Expandable; narrow
57
Usually ___cm in length in adults ( ureters)
25
58
Completely retroperitoneal but adheres closely to the( ureters)
Parietal peritoneum
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Ureters escends anterior to the
Psoa
60
enters pelvic cavity by crossing bifurcation of the __________ in front of ___________ and enters bladder at lateral angle
Common iliac artery; sacroiliac joints
61
Crossed by at its termination: related to uterine artery ( beneath it) in females
Vas deferens
62
Utero pelvic junction
UPJ
63
Vesicoureteral junction
UVJ
64
Iliac vessels
Center
65
Arterial blood supply of the ureters
from renal, testicular (ovarian) and superior vesical artery
66
Nerve supply of the uterus derived from the
Adjacent autonomic plexuse
67
Afferent fibers from the ureters enter the spinal cord via dorsal roots
T11, T12, & L1
68
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF THE URETERS Generally follow the course of the renal vein and drain into the
lumbar (lateral aortic) lymph nodes
69
lymphatics join those of the kidney
Upper ureteral
70
lymphatics drain to the common iliac nodes
Middle ureteral
71
drain to the common, external or internal iliac lymph nodes
Lower ureteral
72
Urinary bladder location
pelvis, anterior and inferior to the peritoneal cavity and posterior to the pubic bone
73
Female (UB)prevesical space of Retzius
Infero lateral
74
6 points
Renal shadow, psoas shadow, urinary bladder, bowel gas, colic gas and bones
75
Female(UB)vagina and cervix,separated from them by vesicovaginal septum
Posteriorly
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Female (UB)rests directly o pelvic floor
Inferiorly
77
Female (UB) loosely covered by peritoneum which allows distension of the organ
Superiorly
78
Male (UB) rectum, separated from it by the 2 seminal vesicles and ductus deferens and by fascia of Denonvillier’s (prostatoperitoneal membrane
Inferolateral
79
Male (UB) same as in female except of course the uterus
Superiorly
80
Male (UB) Pelvic floor
Inferiorly
81
Found between pubic and bladder
Prevesical space of retzius
82
PREVESICAL SPACE OF RETZIUs
Limited below by ______________ in males
Puboprostatic ligament
83
Retzius Laterally extends as far as
Internal liac artery
84
Superiorly. PREVESICAL SPACE OF RETZIU
continues with interval between peritoneum and transversalis fascia which extends up to umbilicus, limited on each side by lateral umbilical ligaments
85
Part of the uterus with two ureteral orifice
Body
86
from back of symphysis pubis to bladder neck and prostate
MEDIAL PUBOPROSTATIC LIGAMENT
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from pelvic fascia at the area of levator ani ms. To the neck of the bladder and prostate
LATERAL PUBOPROSTATIC LIGAMENT
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from apex of the bladder to the umbilicu
MEDIAN UMBILICAL LIGAMENT
89
median umbilical ligament, stabilizes bladder anteriorly
Lateral umbilical ligament
90
Bladder is empty; distended
Rugose mucosa; smooth
91
a triangular area bounded by the right and left ureteral orifices
Vesical trigone
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found at the posterior bladder wall that remains smooth even of empty
Vesical trigone
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The ureteral orifices are interconnected by one elevated mucous fold called
Interureteric ridge
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ureteral orifice is not circular due to
vesical crest or uvula
95
found at the interior bladder fundus that usually deepens by an increase in the intravesical -pressure. Urine usually stagnate in the said fossa
Retrotrigonal fossa
96
Blood supply of UB
Iliac artery
97
supply superolateral wall-branches out after the gluteal a (UB)
superior vesical artery
98
continuation of the internal iliac artery. In women, it arises from the uterine artery
Inferior vesical artery
99
supplies bladder floor, prostate, and prostatic urethra
Inferior vesical artery
100
Drainage of UB
Internal iliac veins
101
Veins :form prevesical plexus which drain into
InFerior vesical vein
102
Enveloping the base of the bladder & prostate, including the seminal vesicles, ampulla of the vas, and inferior ends of the ureters, are the
Vesical venous plexus and prostatic plexus
103
Bladder male. There is also some drainage into the sacral veins thus entering the
vertebral venous plexus (aka Batson’s plexus
104
envelops the proximal urethra and bladder neck UB female
Vesical venous plexus
105
The vesical venous plexus which envelops the proximal urethra and bladder neck drains into the
Vaginal venous plexus
106
Lhympatic drainage of UB
anterior part of the bladder to external iliac nodes * posterior part to iliac nodes
107
considered the filling nerve since they inhibit the detrussor muscle and increased tone of internal urethral sphincter (UB)
Hypogastric plexus (sympathetic
108
UB voluntaary relaxation of external sphincter via
Pudendal nerve
109
UB
considered the emptying nerve since they stimulate contraction of detrussor muscle and elevation of the trigone with relaxation of internal urethral sphincter
Pelvic splanchnic nerve (parasympathetic
110
Is from the superior surface of the bladder near its posterior border to the uterus, at the junction of the uterine body & cervix
Peritoneal reflection in female
111
The vesicouterine pouchof peritoneum is between the
Bladder and the uterus
112
Peritoneal Reflections in the Male
Is from the superior surface of the bladder, over the ductus deferens & seminal vesicles
113
Male
The bladder is relatively free floating except for its neck where it is attached firmly by the
Puboprostatic ligaments
114
Male Between the bladder & the rectum are the
ampullae of the vas & the seminal vesicles
115
Male Bladder neck opens into the
Prostatic lumen
116
Male UB There is a bulge just beneath the trigone caused by the
Posterior lobe of the prostate
117
Female Between the bladder & the rectum is the
cervix & the superior part of the vagina
118
Female Bladder neck opens into the
Short female urethra
119
Female There is usually an extrinsic compression at the superior margin caused by the
Anteverted uterus
120
widest and most dilatable portion: 3 cm.long. On posterior wall, is a long elevation, the urethral crest
Prostatic urethra
121
Grooves along sides of the crest are called
Prostatic sinuses
122
Summit of the crest
Utricle, which open th urethra
123
Ejaculatory ducts open at the
Lateral margin of utricle
124
least dilatable found within urogenital diaphragm surrounded by the urethral sphincter
Membranous urethra
125
enclosed in the bulb and corpus spongiosum of the penis
Penile urethra
126
Becomes dilated as fossa navicularis at the area of the glans and terminatesat external urethral meatus
Penile urethra
127
narrowest part of the urethra
External urethral meatus
128
Female urethra
1.5 inches long Extends from the neck of the bladder to vestibule where it opens about 1 cm. below clitoris Presence of transverse sphincter urethrae Paraurethral glands (homolgue of prostate) open on either side of urethral orifice
129
Blood supply of urethra
From the internal pudendal & vaginal arteries & veins
130
Lhympatics of urethra
Sacral lymph nodes-Internal iliac lymph nodes
131
Innervation of urethra
Pudendal nerves-Pelvic splanchnic nerves
