Renal - Anatomy and histology

Question 1

What is the kidneys primary function?

Answer 1

To collect fluids from the blood by filtration and change the composition of the fluid by selectively returning or keeping substances back to the blood stream or tissues

Question 2

Label the external kidney structure

Answer 2

Question 3

What is the function of the renal capsule?

Answer 3

To create a physical barrier to protect against trauma and maintain the shape of the kidney

Question 4

What is the function of the adipose capsule?

Answer 4

Provides padding for the physical protection of kidney and maintains the position of the kidney

Question 5

What is the function of the renal fascia?

Answer 5

Anchos the kidneys to the surrounding structures

Question 6

Label the diagram

Answer 6

Question 7

How many lobes does the human kidney have?

Answer 7

8 - 12

Question 8

What are the two types of calyces?

Answer 8

Minor calyx and major calyx

Question 9

What does the ureter do?

Answer 9

Transports the urine filtered from the kidney to the bladder

Question 10

What is the difference between the minor and major calyx?

Answer 10

Minor calyx is a smaller and major calyx is larger

Question 11

What is the plural of calyx?

Answer 11

calyces

Question 12

What does the renal pelvis connect?

Answer 12

Connects the major calyx to the ureter

Question 13

What is the outside and the inside of the kidney called?

Answer 13

Outside = renal cortex

Inside = renal medulla

Question 14

Label the arteries on the diagram

Answer 14

Question 15

What is the name of the blood vessels that line the cortical medullary boundary? Why is it named that?

Answer 15

Arcuate arterie

Because they ARC

Question 16

What do the arcuate arteries feed into?

Answer 16

Interlobular arteries

Question 17

What do the arcuate arteries feed into?

Answer 17

Interlobular arteries

Question 18

What is the difference between interlobular and interlobular arteries?

Answer 18

Interlobular is from the renal medulla to the cortex

Interlobar is the arteries between the lobes

Question 19

Label the diagram

Answer 19

Question 20

What is the difference between afferent and efferent arteriole?

Answer 20

Afferent are going to the kidney, efferent = away

Question 21

What makes up the glomerulus?

Answer 21

Glomerular capillaries

Question 22

Where does filtration of the blood occur?

Answer 22

In the glomerulus

Question 23

How does blood get into the glomerulus?

Answer 23

Blood is carried by the afferent arterioles into the glomerular capillaries

Question 24

Where does the filtered blood go?

Answer 24

Through the efferent arterioles to the

Question 25

What is the function of the peritubular capillaries of the cortex?

Answer 25

Supplies nutrients to the Nephrons

Question 26

What is the relative oxygen concentration of the ascending and descending vasa recta? Why?

Answer 26

The descending has high O2 because it is coming from the efferent arteriole while the ascending has low O2 because it is returning to the interlobular vein oxygenating the nephrons

Question 27

What does parenchyma mean? Give an example of this in the lungs and kidney

Answer 27

It is the function portion of an organ, i.e. nephrons or alveoli

Question 28

What is the glomerulus contained in?

Answer 28

The renal corpuscle

Question 29

What does corpuscle mean?

Answer 29

Some kind of structure that is contained

Question 30

What are the two component that make up the renal corpuscle?

Answer 30

The glomerulus capillaries and the glomerular capsule

Question 31

What is the glomerular capsule?

Answer 31

The epithelium that surrounds the corpuscle

Question 32

What is the structure of the glomerular capsule?

Answer 32

Visceral membrane (inside) = podocytes (modified epithelium) Parietal membrane (outside) = simple squamous epithelium

Question 33

Label the diagram, what is it showing?

Answer 33

Showing the renal corpuscle

Question 34

What is the filtration unit of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 34

The podocytes

Question 35

Label the diagram, what is it showing?

Answer 35

Showing the filtration membrane of the renal corpuscle

Question 36

What is the function of the fenestration?

Answer 36

It makes the endothelial layer leaky by allowing all solutes to pass through (but not cells!)

Question 37

What is the function of the basal lamina of the glomerulus?

Answer 37

Prevents filtration of larger proteins

Question 38

What is the purpose of the slit membrane between pedicles ('legs' of the podocytes)?

Answer 38

Prevents filtration of medium sized proteins

Question 39

What makes the basal membrane of the filtration membrane?

Answer 39

It is made from the intersection of the two layers between the arteriole and the podocyte (endothelial cells [fenestrations] and slit membrane)

Question 40

The filtration membrane of the glomerulus has three levels of filtration, what are they and what do they filter out?

Answer 40

1 - Fenestrations, cells 2 - Basal lamina, large proteins 3 - Slit membrane, medium proteins

Question 41

What happens happens if the space between filtration membranes gets clogged up?

Answer 41

The debris gets cleared by immune cells

Question 42

Label the diagram, what is it showing?

Answer 42

The Loop of Henle

Question 43

What does the collecting duct do?

Answer 43

Collects the absorbed nutrients from multiple nephrons and feeds it into the papillary duct

Question 44

What is the pathway from the Loop of Henle to the bladder?

Answer 44

INSET Pathway of urine, Absorbed nutrients from the loop of Henle get fed into a shared collecting duct which get transported into the papillary duct and is then transported in to the minor calyx then major calyx and into the ureter which feeds into the urinary bladder