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Renal midterm > Renal Anatomy / Histology > Flashcards

Renal Anatomy / Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is normal renal mobility?

A

3 cm

1 vertebral body

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2
Q

What vertebral bodies correspond to the location of the kidneys?

A

T12-L3

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3
Q

What fascia is the renal fascia contiguous with?

A

diaphragmatic fascia and adventitial layer of renal vessels

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4
Q

From anterior to posterior, what order to the vessels enter the renal hilum?

A

Vein
Artery
Renal pelvis

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5
Q

What structure excretes urine into the minor calyces?

A

Renal papilla

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6
Q

What is the path of urine flow from the kidney?

A

renal pyramid => renal papilla => minor calyx => major calyx => renal pelvis => ureter => bladder => urethra

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7
Q

Where are constrictions of the ureters normally seen?

A

Junction of ureters & renal pelves
Crossing of pelvic inlet
Passage through wall of urinary bladder

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8
Q

Which kidney is well protected by the 11th and 12th ribs, and why is it better protected than the other?

A

The left kidney b/c it is more superior than the right

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9
Q

Which renal vein is longer?

A

Left renal vein

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10
Q

Into what structure do the renal veins drain

A

Inferior vena cava

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11
Q

Into what lymph node do the renal lymph vessels drain?

A

R/L lumbar LNs

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12
Q

Which kidney is palpable and where?

A

The right kidney, between the 12th rib and iliac crest

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13
Q

What is renal vein entrapment syndrome?

A

Compression of the L renal vein by the abdominal aorta

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14
Q

What is the cause of bifid renal pelvis?

A

incomplete division of ureteric bud

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15
Q

What is the cause of supernumerary kidney?

A

Complete division of ureteric bud

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16
Q

Through what part each of the kidneys does the transpyloric plane run?

A

Left: just superior to the hilum
Right: Superior pole

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17
Q

What kind of tissue is the renal fascia?

A

dense irregular CT

inner layer of myofibroblasts

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18
Q

Which part of the kidney contains renal corpuscles?

A

renal cortex

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19
Q

What constitutes a renal lobe?

A

single renal pyramid & adjacent renal cortex & columns

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20
Q

What is the path of the ureter?

A

kidney => abdominal cavity => over ileum => pelvis => bladder

21
Q

What supplies afferent arterioles?

A

Cortical radiate arteries

22
Q

What arteries supply the portions of the kidney that can be individually resected?

A

Segmental arteries (renal segments)

23
Q

What regulates vascular flow to the kidneys?

A

ANS

24
Q

Where do the sympathetic nerves that supply the kidneys synapse? What nerves are they?

A

Aorticorenal Ganglia

Lesser and Lease splanchnic nerves

25
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the kidneys?

A

vagus n

26
Q

What constitutes a nephron?

A

Glomerulus
Bowman’s Capsule
Renal tubules

27
Q

What constitutes a urine carrying unit?

A

Nephron
collecting duct (cortical and medullary)
papillary duct

28
Q

What is the path of urine from the glomerulus to minor calyx?

A

Bowmans capsule => proximal convoluted tubule => proximal straight tubule => descending thin LOH => ascending thin LOH => thick ascending LOH => distal convoluted tubule => collecting tubule => cortical collecting duct => medullary collecting duct => papillary duct => minor calyx

29
Q

What is the renal interstitium

A

loose CT w/ fibroblasts that produce EPO in response to decreased O2

30
Q

What are cortical/medullary rays?

A

Aggregations of collecting ducts & straight tubules running btwn renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules within the cortex

31
Q

What are the two components of the renal corpuscle?

A

Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule

32
Q

How does the thick luminal glycocalyx of the glomerular endothelium aid in filtration?

A

It is negatively charged and therefore selective of cations to pass

33
Q

What two chemokines can the glomerular epithelium produce?

In response to what hormone are they produced?

A

NO and PGE2 released in response to angiotensin II

34
Q

What 2 collagens and 2 proteins are found in the glomerular basement membrane?

A

Type 4 and 18 collagens

Laminin, entactin

35
Q

Where are Mesanglial cells found?

A

visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule, in direct contact w/ glomerular endothelial cells

36
Q

What is the most active tubule in resorption and secretion?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

37
Q

What are the hallmarks of the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium, abdundant microvilli, lots of mitochondria, basolateral infolding

38
Q

What kind of tissue is found in the LOH?

A

thin: simple squamous epithelium
thick: simple cuboidal epithelium

39
Q

What two hormones act on the distal convoluted tubule? What do they do?

A

Angiotension II - influences Na+ resorption

PTH - influences Ca2+ resorption

40
Q

How can light/principal cells be identified?

A

Ciliated surface - target of aldosterone

cilia detect fluid flow

41
Q

What do dark/intercalated cells do?

A

Involved in H+ and HCO3+ transport

42
Q

What two structures do the efferent capillaries branch into?

A

Peritubular capillaries or vasa recta

43
Q

In what structures is transitional epithelium found?

A

bladder, ureters, renal pelves, renal calyces

44
Q

What do fusiform vesicles do?

A

The allow the urothelium to extend its plasma membrane to allow distention of the tissue

45
Q

What is the trigone of the bladder?

A

inferior & posterior wall where ureters and urethra open

46
Q

What tissue is found in the urethra?

A

From proximal to distal:
transitional epithelium
pseudostratified columnar
stratified squamous epithelium

47
Q

Which urethral is innervated by the ANS? which is the SNS?

A

internal urethral sphincter - ANS

external urethral sphincter - SNS

48
Q

What kind of urethra is found in females? Males?

A

Females: Membranous urethra
Males: Prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra

Renal midterm (4 decks)

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