Renal Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

The major vessel that supplies blood to the kidney is the: 
A) Aorta 
B) Inferior vena cava 
C) Renal vein 
D) Renal artery

Answer 1

D) Renal artery

Question 2

The volume of plasma filtered from the glomerular capillaries in to Bowman's capsule each minute is the: 
A) Tubular reabsorption 
B) Glomerular Filtration rate 
C) Tubular secretion 
D) Clearance

Answer 2

B) Glomerular Filtration rate

Question 3

What percent of the cardiac output each minute is received by the kidneys? 
A)  25%
B) 15% 
C) 99% 
D) 50%

Answer 3

A. 25%

Question 4

The endocrine gland located on top of each kidney is the: 
A) Pituitary 
B) Lymphatic 
C) Adrenal 
D) Medulla

Answer 4

C) Adrenal

Question 5

The functional unit of the kidney is the: 
A) Adrenal gland 
B) Cortex 
C) Medulla 
D) Nephrons

Answer 5

D) Nephrons

Question 6

The main function of the glomerulus is: 
A) Secretion 
B) Filtration 
C) Reabsorption 
D) Excretion

Answer 6

B) Filtration

Question 7

A major body fluid in the intravascular compartment is: 
A) Plasma 
B) Serum 
C) Water 
D) Saline

Answer 7

A. Plasma

Question 8

Three steps in the formation of urine are:
A) Glomerular filtration. diffusion, ultrafiltration
B) Filtration, reabsorption. ultrafiltration
C) Filtration, reabsorption. secretion
D) Clearance, glomerular filtration, ultrafiltration

Answer 8

C) Filtration, reabsorption. secretion

Question 9

The normal adult glomerular filtration rate is approximately: 
A) 99 mL/hr 
B) 2000 mL/day 
C) 80 mL/hour 
D) 125 mL/min

Answer 9

D) 125 mL/min

Question 10

Wliich of the following substances is NOT filtered in Bowman's space? 
A) Chloride 
B) Sodium 
C) Water 
D) Proteins

Answer 10

D) Proteins

Question 11

One of the effects of the renin-angiotensin system is to: 
A) Stimulate the release of aldosterone 
B) Decrease serum sodium 
C) Decrease extracellular fluid volume 
D) Dilate the arteries

Answer 11

A) Stimulate the release of aldosterone

Question 12

Glomerular filtration begins as blood enters the glomerulus under high pressure called:
A) Capillary colloidal osmotic pressure
B) Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
C) Tubular hydrostatic pressure
D) Ureteral pressure

Answer 12

B) Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 13

Wliich of the following is NOT a function of parathyroid hormone?
A) Decreases reabsorption of calcium from intestine
B) Stimulates the activation of Vitamin D
C) Increases reabsorption of calcium from the bone
D) Decreases reabsorption of phosphate by tubules

Answer 13

A) Decreases reabsorption of calcium from intestine

Question 14

The part of the nephron where most of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed is: 
A) Bowman's capsule 
B) Distal tubule 
C) Loop of Henle 
D) Proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 14

D) Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 15

The two components of the nephron are: 
A) Vascular, tubular 
B) Cortex, medulla 
C) Vascular, collecting system 
D) Adrenal, tubular

Answer 15

A) Vascular, tubular

Question 16

All of the following are excretory fiinctions of the kidney EXCEPT: 
A) Regulation of electrolytes 
B) Maintenance of fluid balance 
C) Elimination of metabolic waste 
D) Release of aldosterone

Answer 16

D. Release of aldosterone

Question 17

Diffusion is the movement of:
A) Salute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached
B) Solute from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration until equilibrium is reached
C) Solvent from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached
D) Solvent from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until til equilibrium is reached

Answer 17

A) Salute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached

Question 18

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) regulates the: 
A) Chloride content of the body 
B) Potassium content of the body 
C) Water content of the body 
D) Magnesium content of the body

Answer 18

C) Water content of the body

Question 19

The hormone aldosterone stimulates:
A) Reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium
B) Reabsorption of sodium and potassium
C) Excretion of sodium and potassium
D) Reabsorption of potassium and excretion of sodium

Answer 19

A) Reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium

Question 20

The hydrogen ion concentration determines the acid-base balance of the body.
Hydrogen ion concentration is affected by the ratio of:
A) Carbonic acid to bicarbonate
B) Acid hemoglobin to basic hemoglobin
C) Acid phosphate to alkaline phosphate
D) Red corpuscles to white corpuscles

Answer 20

A) Carbonic acid to bicarbonate

Question 21

The kidneys role in calcium/phosphate balance ii the: 
A) Activation of Vitamin D 
B) Excretion of phosphorus 
C) Reabsorption/excretion of calcium 
D) All of the above

Answer 21

D) All of the above

Question 22

Calcium absorption occurs in the: 
A) Stomach with phosphorus 
B) Small intestine with activated Vitamin D 
C) Large intestine with Vitamin D 
D) None of the above

Answer 22

B. Small intestine with activated Vitamin D

Question 23

23. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates calcium/phosphorus levels by:
    A) Stimulating the kidney to excrete phosphors
    B) Stimulating the activation of Vitamin D
    C) it increasing bone resorption
    D) All of the above

Answer 23

D) All of the above

Question 24

Clearance can be defied as:
A) A substance that is filtered at the glomerulus and secreted m the Loop of Henley
B) Volume of plasma that is cleared of a given substance per unit of tiime
C) A substance that is filtered, secreted. and reabsorbed
D) Volume of water that is cleared oer unit of time

Answer 24

B) Volume of plasma that is cleared of a given substance per unit of time

Question 25

``` 25. A factor(s) that affect the level of BUN is (are): A) Protein intake B) Steroids C) Infection D) All of the above ```

Answer 25

D) All of the above