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Flashcards in Renal and GU tract Deck (16)
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1
Q

List 7 conditions that cause penile pain:

A
  • Priapism
    • Phimosis
    • Paraphimosis
    • Balanopthitis
    • Balanitis
    • Post circumcision complications
    • Hair tourniquet
2
Q

What is priapism

A
  • Engorgement of the dorsal corpora cavernosa resulting in dorsal penile erection and ventral penile flacididty
3
Q

List conditions associated with priapism :

A
  • Sickle cell disease
    • Leukemia
    • Spinal trauma
    • Immunosupressive disorders
    • Anticoagulation
    • Kawasaki’s disease
    • Intracavernosal injections (paperavene, phentolamine, prostaglandin 1)
    • Medications / Drugs
    • Urethral FB
4
Q

What drugs are associated with priapism?

A
  • Phenothiazines
    • Sedative-hypnotics
    • SSRIs
    • Antihypertensives
    • Anticoagulants
    • Drugs of abuse (cocaine and EtOH and marijuana)
      Phentolamine: alpha adrenergic antagonist
      Paparevine (opium alkaloid antispasmodic)
5
Q

Differentiate low-flow and high-flow priapism

A

Low-flow priapism

  • Decreased venous outflow with subsequent penile engorgement
  • More common
  • Stagnant hypoxic blood can result in thrombosis and ischemia
  • Prolonged painful erection
  • All other causes

High-flow priapism

  • Excessive flow of arterial blood
  • Painless (No ischemia)
  • Stagnant hypoxic blood can results in thrombosis and ischemia
  • Penile arterial laceration: excessive inflow of arterial blood
  • Spinal trauma
6
Q

List the treatment of priapism in a child with sickle cell disease.

A
  • Oxygen
    • Hydration
    • Analgesics
7
Q

List parenteral vasodilators that may be of benefit in priapism.

A
  • Papaverine
    • Hydralazine
    • Terbutaline 0.5mg SQ q20min x 2 or adult dose PO (5-10mg then 5010mg 15 min later)
8
Q

What is an ED treatment that can be started for phimosis?

A

Betamethasone 0.6% cream x 6 weeks and urology follow-up

9
Q

Provide a list of causes for the acutely painful scrotum:

A
  • Epididymitis
    • Orchitis
    • Torsion
    • Torsion of testicular appendage
    • Inguinal hernia
10
Q

Provide a list of causes for the swollen, or mass of the scrotum or testicle:

A
  • Varicocele
    • Spermatocele
    • Hydrocele
    • Carcinoma
11
Q

List etiologies of orchitis.

A
- Viral:
	o Paramyxovirus
	o Mumps
	o EBV
	o Coxsackievirus
	o Arbovirus
	o Enterovirus
- Bacterial:
	o E coli
	o K pneumonia
	o P aeruginosa
	o S aureus
Sterptococcus
  • Brucellosis
  • Granulomatous disease
    Filariasis
12
Q

List clinical features of testicular torsion.

A
  • Acute scrotal pain and swelling
    • Elevated testicle
    • Absent cremasteric reflex (not 100%)
    • Lt > Rt
    • nausea, vomiting
    • If undescended testicle à abdominal pain
13
Q

List testicular and scrotal tumours.

A
  • Teratomas
    • Embyonal carcinomas
    • Yolk sac
    • Choriocarcinoma
    • Leydig’s cell
    • Sertoli cell tumours
      Lymphoma and leukemia mets
14
Q

What are RF for pediatric UTI

A
Girls
 Fever >2 days
- Age 39 C 
- White race
Absence of another source of infection

Boys

  • Fever >24 hours
  • Absence of another source of infection
  • Nonblack race
  • Temp >39 C
15
Q

When is renal ultrasonography indicated for UTI?

A
  • Sick infant: in first 2 days of treatment to identify serious complicaitons
    • First UTI
16
Q

What are causes of red looking urine?

A
  • Foods: Beets, blueberries

- Drugs: phenothiazines, ibuprofen