Renal and male urogen Patho Pots Flashcards
(31 cards)
1
Q
Gross Acute Pyelonephritis (6)
A
- microabscesses along collecting ducts
- hyperaemic medullary pyramids
- kidney is mildly enlarged from edema
- pelvicalyceal system not dilated
- no calculus
- microabscesses seen on subcapsular surface of kidney
2
Q
Histo Acute Pyelonephritis (2)
A
- microabscesses have neutrophils
- interstitium and renal tubules have necrotic material
3
Q
gross chronic nephritis (5)
A
- subcapsular surface has cortical scars that are coarse, pitted, U-shaped and irregular
- kidney is smaller
- parenchymal atrophy - thinning cortex and blurring of corticomedullary junction
- no suppuration or hyperaemia compared to acute pyelonephritis
- dilated pelvicalyceal system compared to undilated in acute
4
Q
Histo Chronic pyelonephritis (4)
A
- thyroidisation of tubules - tubular atrophy with eosinophillic hyaline material in lumen (shows bright pink)
- interstitial fibrosis with plasma and lymphocytes
- fibrotic glomeruli, periglomerular fibrosis
- low power slide shows dark patchy areas indicative of inflammatory infiltrates
5
Q
Gross Tuberculous Pyelonephritis (5)
A
- kidney is enlarged with irregular scarred capsular surface
- cortex shows caseous necrosis with parenchymal atrophy - thinning
- pelvicalyceal system shows dilation with rough mucosa - caseous slough
- thick and short ureter, fibrotic
- thickened and fibrous bladder wall
6
Q
Gross Kidney Infarct (4)
A
- Subcapsular pale, wedge shaped areas o coagulative necrosis (infarct)
- Hyperaemic borders - compensatory and inflammatory
- Normal Size and shape
- normal pelvicalyceal system
7
Q
Histo Kidney Infarct (3)
A
1&2. coagulative necrosis - loss of nuclei in glomeruli and retained cell structure
3. intraluminal debris
8
Q
Gross Acute Tubular Necrosis (4)
A
- Cortex is pale with medullary pyramids being comparatively darker
- distict corticomedullary junction
- normal kidney shape and size, no shrinking of renal cortex
- normal pelvicalyceal system
9
Q
Histo Acute tubular Necrosis (3)
A
- cells show varying degrees of Swelling, vacuolation, necrosis , flattening and sloughing
- loss of periodic acid-schiff positive brush border
- tubular dilation and interstitial edema
10
Q
Gross End Stage Kidney (4)
A
- Bilaterally shunken
- fine ,granular subcapsular surface
- cut surface shows thinning cortex and medulla - parenchymal atrophy
- blurring of corticomedullary junction
11
Q
Histo End Stage Kidney (3)
A
- thyroidisation of tubules - intraluminal hyaline material
- interstitial fibrosis and inflammation
- sclerosed glomeruli
very similar to chronic pyelonephritis
12
Q
Gross Hydronephrosis - due to calculus (5)
A
- presence of calculus at pelvicalyceal system/ proximal ureter
- enlarged kidneys
- dilation of pelvicalyceal system
- severe thinning of renal parenchyma
- capsule appears translucent
13
Q
Histo Hydronephrosis (4)
A
- Dilated tubules and bowmans capsules
- atrophy and flattening of tubular epithelium
- interstitial fibrosis
- disappearance o glomeruli
14
Q
gross Congenital Polycystic Disease - kidney, liver, pancreas (4)
A
- kidneys bilaterally enlarged
cysts - multiple, varying in size
- non-communicating
- smooth inner surface
15
Q
Histo Congenital Polycystic Disease (4)
A
- numerous cyst in parenchyma
- lined by cuboidal epithelium
- tubular atrophy
- interstitial fibrosis and chronic inflammation
16
Q
Gross Renal Cell Carcinoma (5)
A
Mass
1. large and well circumscribed
2. non-encapsulated
3. pale, yellow surface - due to lipid deposits
4. shows necrosis and haemorrhage
5. rest of kidney is unremarkable
17
Q
histo Clear cell renal carcinoma (4)
A
- no fibrous capsule and infiltrative growth
- clear cells with abundant clear cytoplasm - due to glycogen and lipids
- low N/C ratio
- rich vasculature
18
Q
Gross Nephroblastoma - wilms tumour (5)
A
- kidney grossly enlarged in the upper pole
- well-circumscribed
3 .cut surface shows necrosis, haemorrhage, cysts - invaded calyces
- invasion of perinephric fat
19
Q
histo Wilms tumour (3)
A
- undifferentiated blastemal components, culsters of small round blue cells
- epithelial glands and tubules
- fibrous stroma and spindle shaped cells
20
Q
Gross urothelial Transitional cell carcinoma (5)
A
- normal kidney size and shape
- dilated pelvicalyceal system
- large papillary mass, fungating, originating from collecting system
- tan coloured
- normal ureter
21
Q
Histo Urothelial Carcinoma (6)
A
- invasive vs non-invasive (Papillary)
- papillary structures with fibrovascular cores surrounded by epithelium, forming finger-like protrusions
Classic malignant features - atypical mitosis
- high N/C
- prominent, hyperchromatic nucleoli
- crowded cells
22
Q
G: Urothelial Carcinoma of Bladder (5)
A
- mass is fungating and cauliflower-like
- tan and fleshy appearance
- ulcerated, haemorrhage and necrosis
- arise from mucosa
- obstruct lumen of bladder
23
Q
H: urothelial carcinoma of bladder
A
- papillary structures - fibrovascular cores surrounded by epithelium
- nuclear pleomorphism
- high N/C ratio
- large irregular hyperchromatic nuclei
24
Q
G: BPH with hydroureter and hydronephrosis (5)
A
- prostate is diffusely enlarged and lobulated
- bladder is dilated and wall is trabeculated
- ureter is dilated bilaterally
- bilateral kidney enlargement and pelvicalyceal systems
- parenchymal atrophy and translucency of renal capsule
25
H: BPH (3)
1. nodular growth - glandular and stromal tissue hyperplasia
2. hyperplastic prostatic glands
3. intact basal layer
26
G: Prostatic Carcinoma + bladder (4)
1. prostate diffusely enlarged and replaced by infiltratve irregular mass
2. cut surface of mass is pale, fleshy
3. narrowing or compression of prostatic urethra
4. bladder shows thickening (hypertrophy and trabeculated walls
27
H: Prostatic Carcinoma - compare to BPH (3)
1. malignant glands show loss of basal cell layer (unilayered)
2. high N/C ratio
3. prominent nucleoli
28
G: Hydrocele of Testis (2)
1. intact and unremarkable
2. dilation of tunica vaginalis with clear serous fluid
29
G: Tuberculous Epididymitis (2)
begins in epididymis, spreads to rest of testes
1. caseous necrosis, granulomatous inflammation
2. markedly enlarged epididymis
30
G: Seminoma (3)
1. testicular parenchyma replaced by lobulated tumour mass
2. cut surface pale and fleshy, homogenous
3. necrosis and haemorrhage seen
31
H: Seminoma (3)
1. Large polygonal tumour cells admixed with many lymphocytes
2. pale -clear glycogen filled cytoplasm
3. large pleomorphic nuclei
