Renal Basic Functions

Question 1

How do the kidneys participate in Acid-Base balance

Answer 1

Bicard reabsorption and riding the body of acid

Question 2

What 3 hormones do the kidneys produce?

Answer 2

Renin
Erythropoietin
Vit D3

Question 3

How much blood do the kidneys receive?

Answer 3

About 25% per minute (a liter per min)

Question 4

RBF is maintained between

Answer 4

50-180 mmHg

Question 5

Is there a direct relationship between RBF and GFR?

Answer 5

YES

Question 6

When does filtration cease

Answer 6

MAP below 50

Question 7

Can the kidneys override the SNS?

Answer 7

YES

Question 8

What happens when the kidneys release renin?

Answer 8

Increased aldosterone secretion to increase blood pressure

Question 9

Aldosterone causes reabsorption of ______&____

secretion of _________

Answer 9

Na+ and H2O

K+

Question 10

Aldosterone works were in the kidneys?

Answer 10

DCT and CD

Question 11

What is the strongest trigger of aldosterone release?

Answer 11

HYPERkalemia

Question 12

What is ADH’s (antidiuretic hormone) affect on distal tubular area?

Answer 12

Increases its permeability to water

Question 13

What does the RAAS system do

Answer 13

Converts Angiotensin II to cause vasoconstriction

Question 14

Renin/Angiotensin causes reabsorption of ____&____

secretion of ______

causes release of _____&_____

Answer 14

NaCl and H2O

K+

aldosterone & ADH

Question 15

Which medication inhibit RAAS?

Answer 15

ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Beta-Blockers, Aldosterone Antagonists, Renin Antagonists

Question 16

ANF (atrial natriuretic factor) effects on the kidneys

Answer 16

increases urine flow and promotes Na+ excretion, vasodilates, and may increase RBF & GFR

Question 17

When is ANF released?

Answer 17

When there is an atrial stretch

Question 18

Prostaglandin E2 causes

Answer 18

Vasodilation

Question 19

Thromboxane A2 causes

Answer 19

Vasoconstriction

Question 20

What percentage of bicarb is reabsorbed?

Answer 20

99%

Question 21

The kidneys try to maintain a pH of

Answer 21

> 4.5

Question 22

What do the kidneys do to H+ (hydrogen ions)

Answer 22

excrete them

Question 23

H+ combines with bicarbonate to form__________

Answer 23

carbonic acid

Question 24

What breaks down carbonic acid into water and CO

Answer 24

carbonic anhydrase

Question 25

The body takes up bicarb in exchange for

Answer 25

Cl-

Question 26

Acid base balance primarily happens where?

Answer 26

Proximal Tubule

Question 27

What is the order of urine filtrate formation?

Answer 27

Filtration Reabsorption Secretion Excretion

Question 28

GFR per day

Answer 28

180 L/day (178 reabsorbed)

Question 29

How do we estimate GFR

Answer 29

filtration markers

Question 30

How is GFR increased

Answer 30

Increasing RBF Afferent VASODILATION Efferent VASOCONSTRICTION

Question 31

How is GRF decreased

Answer 31

Decreased RBF Afferent CONSTRICTION Efferent DILATION

Question 32

NSAIDs ________afferent arterioles, ________GFR and flow (_______ ________)

Answer 32

constrict; decrease; kidney damage

Question 33

NSAIDs inhibit ________ _________, causing vaso_________

Answer 33

prostaglandin production; constriction

Question 34

ACEI/ARBs _________ efferent arterioles and provide kidney ________

Answer 34

dilate; protection

Question 35

Reabsorption & Secretion can happen by

Answer 35

active or passive mechanisms

Question 36

Where is water permeable?

Answer 36

PCT & beginning of Loop of Henle

Question 37

Where is most of the Na+ reabsorbed?

Answer 37

PCT

Question 38

Where do thiazide diuretics work?

Answer 38

DCT

Question 39

In the absence of ADH, the final urine will be

Answer 39

dilute

Question 40

In the presence of ADH, the final urine concentration will be

Answer 40

concentrated