Renal Disease

Question 1

Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN)

Answer 1

fever, edema, nausea, fatigue, Streptococci Group A, children and young adults
Proteinuria, Hematuria, RBC casts, poss elevated BUN

Question 2

Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)

Answer 2

fever, edema, nausea, fatigue, autoimmune disease (lupus)
Proteinuria, Hematuria, RBC casts, BUN, Creatinine, eGFR

Question 3

Goodpasture Syndrome

Answer 3

Pulmonary complaints of hemoptysis and dyspnea
Hematuria, Proteinuria, and RBC casts

Question 4

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)

Answer 4

Pulmonary symptoms, Antineutrophilic cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)
Hematuria, proteinuria, RBC casts

Question 5

Henoch-Schonlein Pupura

Answer 5

Primarily children, Raised red patches on skin, Blood in sputum and stools
Hematuria, proteinuria, RBC casts

Question 6

Membranous Glomerulonephritis (MGN)

Answer 6

Sjogren syndrome, secondary syphilis, hepatitis B, gold and mercury treatments, and malignancy
Hematuria, Proteinuria

Question 7

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)

Answer 7

Children, association with autoimmune disorders, infections, and malignancies.
Hematuria, Proteinuria, decreased serum complement levels

Question 8

Chronic Glomerulonephritis (CGN)

Answer 8

Fatigue, anemia, hypertension, edema, and oliguria
Hematuria, Proteinuria, Glucosuria, increased BUN and creatinine levels

Question 9

Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy

Answer 9

Serum IgA
Hematuria

Question 10

Nephrotic syndrom (NS)

Answer 10

low serum albumin, high levels of lipids, and pronounced edema
Proteinuria >3.5 g/day, Hematuria, RTEs, Oval fat bodies, fat droplets, fatty and waxy casts

Question 11

Minimal Change Disease (MCD)

Answer 11

Children with edema, serum albumin, Cholesterol
Heavy proteinuria, transient hematuria, fat droplets

Question 12

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

Answer 12

Drug abuse (heroin), HIV, and Hepatitis virus
Proteinuria, hematuria

Question 13

Alport Syndrome

Answer 13

Genetic testing
Heavy proteinuria, hematuria, RTEs, Oval fat bodies, fat droplets, fatty and waxy casts, Microalbuminuria

Question 14

Diabetic nephropathy

Answer 14

Blood glucose, high BUN and creatinine
Hematuria, proteinuria, glucosuria, cellular and granular casts, waxy and broad casts

Question 15

Acute Tubular necrosis (ATN)

Answer 15

Hemoglobin and Hematocrit, Cardiac enzymes
Hematuria, Proteinuria, RTEs, RTE casts, Hyaline, granular, waxy, and broad casts

Question 16

Fanconi syndrome

Answer 16

Serum and urine electrolytes, Amino acid chromatography
Glucosuria, Possible Cystine crystals

Question 17

Uromodulin-associated kidney disease

Answer 17

Serum uric acid
RTE Cells, proteinuria, hematuria, glucosuria, casts (cellular, granular, waxy, and broad)

Question 18

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

Answer 18

ADH testing
Low specific gravity, polyuria

Question 19

Renal glucosuria

Answer 19

Blood glucose
Glucosuria

Question 20

Nephritic Syndrome

Answer 20

Sterile inflammatory process (not bacterial)
Hematuria, proteinuria, casts

Question 21

Acute Interstitial Nephritis

Answer 21

Fever, skin rash, eosinophilia

Question 22

Lupus Nephritis

Answer 22

Looks like many diseases
Full immoglobulin testing helpful

Question 23

Cystitis

Answer 23

Lower urinary tract infection
polyuria with burning or pain
WBCs, bacteria, higher pH

Question 24

Pyelonephritis

Answer 24

Upper urinary tract infection
High WBCs, bacteria, hematuria, WBC casts and bacterial casts

Question 25

Kidney Stones

Answer 25

Increased crystals (Calcium oxalate)