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Case 6 > Renal Failure > Flashcards

Renal Failure Flashcards

(21 cards)

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1
Q

What does the interior of the kidney contain

A

Outer cortex

Inner medulla

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2
Q

What is the function unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

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3
Q

What are nephrons in the cortex called

A

Cortical

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4
Q

What are nephrons in the medulla called

A

Juxtamedullary

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5
Q

What is the renal corpuscle

A

Bowmans capsule and glomerulus

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6
Q

What are the 4 processes of the nephron

A

Filtration
Excretion
Reabsorption
Secretion

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7
Q

What does a fall in glomerular filtration Rate indicate

A

Loss of renal function

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8
Q

What are the homeostatic regulation functions of the kidney

A

Regulation of osmolarity
Regulation of extracellular fluid volume
Regulation of pH

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9
Q

What hormones does the kidney produce

A

Erythropoietin
Renin
Activation of vitamin C
Prostaglandins and kin in

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10
Q

What is renin for

A

Sodium balance

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11
Q

What is erythropoietin for

A

Red blood cell synthesis

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12
Q

What are the causes of prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract?

A

Enlarged prostate
Kidney stones
Some cancers

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13
Q

What are three types of renal failure?

A

Pre renal acute
Post renal acute
Renal acute

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14
Q

What are the causes of renal acute injury

A

Renal parenchymal disease
Glomerulonephritis
Acute tubular necrosis

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15
Q

What are the signs of kidney failure

A 
Fluid retention = oedema in ankles 
Fluid in lungs 
High blood preseure 
Cardiovascular disease 
Anaemia
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16
Q

What are the complications of chronic renal failure?

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A 
Anaemia 
Bone disease 
Endocrine dysfunction 
Skin disease 
GI complication
17
Q

What are the metabolic complications of chronic renal failure

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A

Gout
Arthiritis
Alterations in insulin metabolism
Abnormal lipid metabolism

18
Q

What are the treatments available for chronic renal failure

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A 
Control blood pressure 
Blood tests to monitor electrolyte levels 
ACE inhibitors, lower Bp
Statins, lower cholesterol 
Treat anaemia 
Calcium and vitamin D supplements
19
Q

What is the aim of haemodialysis

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A

Remove the toxins from the patients blood

20
Q

What are the steps of haemodialysis

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A

Blood enters machine
Contact with dialysate - semi permeable membrane , conc solution of elcpectroytes
Toxins move from blood
Blood returns to patient

21
Q

At what GFR do dialysis patients have

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A

GFR lower than 10ml/min

Case 6 (1 decks)

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